Akwai abubuwa da yawa da za a yi la'akari da su a cikin sassan injina don aikace-aikacen sararin samaniya, kamar surar sashi, nauyi da dorewa.Wadannan abubuwan zasu shafi lafiyar jirgin da tattalin arzikin jirgin.Kayan da aka zaɓa don masana'antar sararin samaniya ya kasance koyaushe aluminum azaman babban zinari.A cikin jiragen sama na zamani, duk da haka, yana da lissafin kashi 20 kawai na jimlar tsarin.
Saboda karuwar buƙatun jiragen sama masu haske, amfani da kayan haɗin gwiwa kamar su polymers mai ƙarfafa carbon da kayan saƙar zuma yana ƙaruwa a cikin masana'antar sararin samaniya ta zamani.Kamfanonin kera sararin samaniya sun fara yin bincike akan madadin aluminium alloys — bakin karfe mai darajar jirgin sama.Adadin wannan bakin karfe a cikin sabbin kayan aikin jirgin yana karuwa.Mu yi nazarin amfani da bambance-bambancen da ke tsakanin alloys na aluminum da bakin karfe a cikin jirgin sama na zamani.
Aikace-aikace na aluminum gami sassa a cikin sararin samaniya filin
Aluminum abu ne na ƙarfe mai haske in mun gwada da gaske, yana auna kusan 2.7 g/cm3 (gram a kowace centimita cubic).Duk da cewa aluminum yana da nauyi da ƙarancin tsada fiye da bakin karfe, aluminum ba ta da ƙarfi da juriya kamar bakin karfe, kuma ba ta da ƙarfi da juriya kamar bakin karfe.Bakin karfe ya fi aluminium karfin ƙarfi.
Ko da yake yin amfani da kayan aikin aluminum ya ƙi a yawancin nau'o'in samar da sararin samaniya, kayan aikin aluminum har yanzu suna da matsayi mai mahimmanci a cikin masana'antun jiragen sama na zamani, kuma ga yawancin aikace-aikace na musamman, aluminum har yanzu yana da ƙarfi, kayan nauyi.Saboda babban ductility da sauƙi na machining, aluminum ba shi da tsada sosai fiye da yawancin kayan haɗin gwiwar ko titanium.Hakanan yana iya ƙara haɓaka kayan ƙarfe ta hanyar haɗa shi da wasu karafa kamar tagulla, magnesium, manganese da zinc ko ta hanyar maganin sanyi ko zafi.
Aluminum gami da ake amfani da su sosai wajen kera sassan sararin samaniya sun haɗa da:
1. Aluminum alloy 7075 (aluminum / zinc)
2. Aluminum gami 7475-02 (aluminum / zinc / magnesium / silicon / chromium)
3. Aluminum gami 6061 (aluminum / magnesium / silicon)
7075, haɗin aluminum da zinc, yana ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da aka fi amfani da su a cikin aikace-aikacen sararin samaniya, yana ba da kyawawan kayan aikin injiniya, ductility, ƙarfi da juriya ga gajiya.
7475-02 shine haɗin aluminum, zinc, silicon da chromium, yayin da 6061 ya ƙunshi aluminum, magnesium da silicon.Wanne gami da ake buƙata ya dogara gaba ɗaya akan aikace-aikacen da aka yi niyya na tashar tashar.Ko da yake da yawa aluminum gami sassa a kan jirgin ne na ado, dangane da nauyi nauyi da rigidity, aluminum gami ne mafi zabi.
Aluminum alloy gama gari da ake amfani da shi a masana'antar sararin samaniya shine aluminum scandium.Ƙara scandium zuwa aluminum yana ƙara ƙarfin ƙarfe da juriya na zafi.Yin amfani da aluminium scandium shima yana inganta ingancin mai.Tunda shine madadin kayan daɗaɗɗen abubuwa kamar ƙarfe da titanium, maye gurbin waɗannan kayan tare da ƙaramin allo na aluminium na iya adana nauyi, ta haka inganta ingantaccen mai da ƙarfin ƙarfin iska.
Aikace-aikacen sassa na bakin karfe a cikin sararin samaniya
A cikin masana'antar sararin samaniya, amfani da bakin karfe yana da ban mamaki idan aka kwatanta da aluminum.Saboda nauyin bakin karfe mafi nauyi, amfani da shi a aikace-aikacen sararin samaniya ya karu fiye da kowane lokaci.
Bakin ƙarfe yana nufin dangin ƙarfe na ƙarfe wanda ke ɗauke da akalla 11% chromium, wani fili wanda ke hana ƙarfe lalata kuma yana ba da juriya na zafi.Daban-daban na bakin karfe sun haɗa da abubuwa nitrogen, aluminum, silicon, sulfur, titanium, nickel, jan karfe, selenium, niobium da molybdenum.Akwai nau'ikan bakin karfe da yawa, akwai maki sama da 150 na bakin karfe, kuma bakin karfe da aka saba amfani da shi ya kai kusan kashi daya cikin goma na adadin bakin karfe.Ana iya yin baƙin ƙarfe a cikin takarda, faranti, mashaya, waya da bututu, yana sa ya dace da aikace-aikace iri-iri.
Akwai manyan rukunoni biyar na bakin karafa da aka rarraba da farko ta tsarin su crystal.Wadannan bakin karfe sune:
1. Austenitic bakin karfe
2. Ferritic bakin karfe
3. Martensitic bakin karfe
4. Duplex bakin karfe
5. Hazo taurare bakin karfe
Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, bakin karfe wani abu ne wanda ya hada da haɗin karfe da chromium.Ƙarfin baƙin ƙarfe yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da abun ciki na chromium a cikin gami.Mafi girman abun ciki na chromium, mafi girman ƙarfin ƙarfe.Babban juriyar bakin karfe ga lalata da yanayin zafi yana sa ya dace da kewayon abubuwan haɗin sararin samaniya, gami da injina, na'urorin haɗi da abubuwan saukarwa.
Amfanin amfani da bakin karfe don sassan sararin samaniya:
Duk da yake ya fi ƙarfin aluminum, bakin karfe gabaɗaya ya fi nauyi.Amma idan aka kwatanta da aluminum, bakin karfe sassa na da muhimman abũbuwan amfãni guda biyu:
1. Bakin karfe yana da juriya na lalata.
2. Bakin karfe ya fi ƙarfi kuma ya fi jure lalacewa.
Matsakaicin juzu'i da narkewar bakin karfe suma sun fi wahalar sarrafawa fiye da allunan aluminium.
Waɗannan kaddarorin suna da mahimmanci ga ɓangarorin sararin samaniya da yawa, kuma sassan bakin karfe sun mamaye matsayi mai mahimmanci a aikace-aikacen sararin samaniya.Abubuwan amfani da bakin karfe kuma sun haɗa da kyakkyawan zafi da juriya na wuta, haske, kyakkyawan bayyanar.Bayyanawa da ingantaccen ingancin tsabta.Bakin karfe kuma yana da sauƙin sarrafawa.Lokacin da kayan aikin jirgin sama ke buƙatar waldawa, injina ko yanke su zuwa takamaiman ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun bayanai, kyakkyawan aikin kayan bakin karfe ya shahara musamman.Wasu galolin bakin karfe suna da juriya mai matukar tasiri, wanda kuma yana shafar amincin manyan jiragen sama.kuma karko abubuwa ne masu mahimmanci.
A tsawon lokaci, masana'antar sararin samaniya ta zama daban-daban, kuma ana iya gina motocin zamani na zamani da jikin bakin karfe ko na'urorin jirgin sama.Duk da cewa sun fi tsada, suna kuma da ƙarfi fiye da aluminum, kuma tare da nau'o'in nau'i daban-daban na bakin karfe dangane da wurin, yin amfani da bakin karfe na iya samar da kyakkyawan rabo mai ƙarfi zuwa nauyi.
Lokacin aikawa: Maris-02-2023