Kunezici eziningi okufanele zicatshangelwe ezingxenyeni zomshini zezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-aerospace, njengokuma kwengxenye, isisindo nokuqina.Lezi zici zizothinta ukuphepha kwendiza nomnotho wendiza.Izinto ezikhethwayo zokukhiqiza i-aerospace bekulokhu kuyi-aluminium njengegolide eliyinhloko.Nokho, kumajethi esimanje ahlanganisa amaphesenti angu-20 kuphela engqikithi yawo.
Ngenxa yesidingo esikhulayo sezindiza ezilula, ukusetshenziswa kwezinto eziyinhlanganisela ezifana nama-polymers aqiniswe ngekhabhoni kanye nezinto zekhekheba lezinyosi kuyanda embonini yesimanje ye-aerospace.Izinkampani ezikhiqiza i-Aerospace seziqala ukucwaninga enye indlela yokusebenzisa ingxube ye-aluminium—insimbi engagqwali yezinga lezindiza.Ingxenye yale nsimbi engagqwali ezingxenyeni ezintsha zendiza iyakhula.Ake sihlaziye ukusetshenziswa kanye nomehluko phakathi kwama-alloys e-aluminium nezinsimbi ezingenasici endizeni yesimanje.
Ukusetshenziswa kwezingxenye ze-aluminium alloy emkhakheni we-aerospace
I-Aluminium iyinsimbi elula kakhulu, enesisindo esingaba ngu-2.7 g/cm3 (amagremu ku-cubic centimeter ngayinye).Nakuba i-aluminium ilula futhi ibiza kancane kunensimbi engagqwali, i-aluminium ayiqinile futhi ayimelani nokugqwala njengensimbi engagqwali, futhi ayiqinile futhi imelana nokugqwala njengensimbi engagqwali.Insimbi engagqwali iphakeme kune-aluminium ngokwamandla.
Nakuba ukusetshenziswa kwama-alloys e-aluminium kwehlile ezicini eziningi zokukhiqizwa kwe-aerospace, ama-alloys e-aluminium asabambe indawo ebalulekile ekwenziweni kwezindiza zesimanje, futhi ezinhlotsheni eziningi eziqondile, i-aluminium iseyinto eqinile, engasindi.Ngenxa ye-ductility yayo ephezulu kanye nokulula komshini, i-aluminium ibiza kancane kunezinto eziningi eziyinhlanganisela noma i-titanium.Ingase futhi ithuthukise izici zayo zensimbi ngokuyihlanganisa nezinye izinsimbi ezifana nethusi, i-magnesium, i-manganese ne-zinc noma ngokwelashwa okubandayo noma ukushisa.
Ama-alloys e-aluminium asetshenziswa kabanzi ekwenzeni izingxenye ze-aerospace afaka:
1. Ingxubevange ye-Aluminium 7075 (i-aluminium/zinc)
2. Ingxubevange ye-Aluminium 7475-02 (i-aluminium/zinc/magnesium/silicon/chromium)
3. Ingxubevange ye-Aluminium 6061 (i-aluminium/i-magnesium/i-silicon)
I-7075, inhlanganisela ye-aluminium ne-zinc, ingenye yama-alloys asetshenziswa kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwe-aerospace, ehlinzeka ngezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zemishini, i-ductility, amandla kanye nokumelana nokukhathala.
I-7475-02 iyinhlanganisela ye-aluminium, i-zinc, i-silicon ne-chromium, kuyilapho i-6061 iqukethe i-aluminium, i-magnesium ne-silicon.Iyiphi i-alloy edingekayo incike ngokuphelele ekusetshenzisweni okuhlosiwe kwetheminali.Nakuba izingxenye eziningi ze-aluminium alloy endizeni zihlobisa, ngokwesisindo sokukhanya nokuqina, i-aluminium alloy iyisinqumo esingcono kakhulu.
Ingxubevange evamile ye-aluminium esetshenziswa embonini ye-aerospace i-aluminium scandium.Ukwengeza i-scandium ku-aluminium kwandisa amandla ensimbi nokumelana nokushisa.Ukusebenzisa i-aluminium scandium nakho kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kukaphethiloli.Njengoba kungenye yezinto eziminyene njengensimbi ne-titanium, ukushintsha lezi zinto kufakwe i-aluminium scandium elula kungonga isisindo, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kukaphethiloli namandla okuqina kwe-airframe.
Ukusetshenziswa kwezingxenye zensimbi engagqwali ku-aerospace
Embonini ye-aerospace, ukusetshenziswa kwensimbi engagqwali kuyamangaza uma kuqhathaniswa ne-aluminium.Ngenxa yesisindo esinzima sensimbi engagqwali, ukusetshenziswa kwayo ezindaweni zokusebenza ze-aerospace kuye kwanda kakhulu kunangaphambili.
Insimbi engagqwali isho umndeni wama-alloys asekelwe ku-iron aqukethe okungenani u-11% we-chromium, isakhi esivimbela insimbi ukuthi ingagqwali futhi inikeze ukumelana nokushisa.Izinhlobo ezahlukene zensimbi engagqwali zihlanganisa izakhi nitrogen, i-aluminium, i-silicon, isulfure, i-titanium, i-nickel, ithusi, i-selenium, i-niobium ne-molybdenum.Kunezinhlobo eziningi zensimbi engagqwali, kunamamaki ensimbi engagqwali angaphezu kuka-150, futhi insimbi engagqwali evame ukusetshenziswa yenza cishe ingxenye eyodwa kweshumi yenani eliphelele lensimbi engagqwali.Insimbi engagqwali ingenziwa ibe ishidi, ipuleti, ibha, ucingo kanye neshubhu, ikwenze ilungele ukusetshenziswa okuhlukahlukene.
Kunamaqembu amahlanu ayinhloko ezinsimbi ezingenasici ezihlukaniswa ngokuyinhloko ngesakhiwo sazo sekristalu.Lezi zinsimbi ezingenasici ziyizi:
1. Insimbi engagqwali ye-Austenitic
2. Ferritic insimbi engagqwali
3. Insimbi engagqwali ye-Martensitic
4. Duplex insimbi engagqwali
5. Imvula yenza lukhuni insimbi engagqwali
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, insimbi engagqwali iyingxubevange eyakhiwe inhlanganisela yensimbi ne-chromium.Amandla ensimbi engagqwali ahlobene ngokuqondile nokuqukethwe kwe-chromium kungxubevange.Ukuphakama kokuqukethwe kwe-chromium, kuyanda amandla ensimbi.Insimbi engagqwali imelana nokugqwala kanye namazinga okushisa aphezulu kuyenza ifanelekele uhla lwezingxenye ze-aerospace, okuhlanganisa ama-actuator, izinto zokubopha kanye nezingxenye zegiya lokuhlala.
Izinzuzo zokusebenzisa insimbi engagqwali ezingxenyeni ze-aerospace:
Nakuba inamandla kune-aluminium, insimbi engagqwali ngokuvamile isinda kakhulu.Kodwa uma kuqhathaniswa ne-aluminium, izingxenye zensimbi engagqwali zinezinzuzo ezimbili ezibalulekile:
1. Insimbi engagqwali inokumelana nokugqwala okuphezulu.
2. Insimbi engagqwali inamandla futhi ayigugi.
I-shear modulus kanye nephoyinti lokuncibilika lensimbi engagqwali nakho kunzima kakhulu ukucubungula kune-alloys ye-aluminium.
Lezi zakhiwo zibalulekile ezingxenyeni eziningi ze-aerospace, futhi izingxenye zensimbi engagqwali zithatha isikhundla esibalulekile ekusetshenzisweni kwe-aerospace.Izinzuzo zensimbi engagqwali nazo zihlanganisa ukushisa okuhle kakhulu nokumelana nomlilo, ukubukeka okukhanyayo, okuhle.Ukubukeka kanye nekhwalithi enhle kakhulu yenhlanzeko.Insimbi engagqwali nayo kulula ukuyikhiqiza.Lapho izingxenye zendiza zidinga ukushiselwa, zenziwe ngomshini noma zisikwe ngendlela enembile, ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu kwezinto zensimbi engagqwali kugqama kakhulu.Ama-alloys athile ensimbi engagqwali anokumelana nomthelela ophezulu kakhulu, okuphinde kuthinte ukuphepha kwezindiza ezinkulu.nokuqina yizici ezibalulekile.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, imboni ye-aerospace iye yahlukahluka kakhulu, futhi izimoto zesimanje zasemkhathini cishe zizokwakhiwa ngemizimba yensimbi engagqwali noma ama-airframe.Naphezu kokuba eqolo, anamandla kakhulu kune-aluminium, futhi ngamamaki ahlukene ensimbi engagqwali kuye ngendawo yesehlakalo, ukusetshenziswa kwensimbi engagqwali kusenganikeza isilinganiso esihle kakhulu samandla nesisindo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-02-2023