Pali zinthu zambiri zomwe ziyenera kuganiziridwa pamakina opangira zinthu zakuthambo, monga mawonekedwe a gawo, kulemera ndi kulimba.Zinthu izi zidzakhudza chitetezo cha ndege komanso chuma cha ndege.Zinthu zomwe zimasankhidwa popanga zakuthambo nthawi zonse zakhala aluminiyamu ngati golide wamkulu.M'majeti amakono, komabe, amangotenga 20 peresenti ya dongosolo lonse.
Chifukwa chakuchulukirachulukira kwa ndege zopepuka, kugwiritsa ntchito zida zophatikizika monga ma polima olimbitsa kaboni ndi zinthu za zisa zikuchulukirachulukira m'makampani amakono apamlengalenga.Makampani opanga zinthu zakuthambo ayamba kufufuza njira ina yopangira ma aluminiyamu—zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zosapanga dzimbiri.Chigawo cha zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri m'zigawo zatsopano za ndege chikukwera.Tiyeni tiwone momwe ma aloyi a aluminiyamu amagwiritsidwira ntchito komanso kusiyana pakati pa zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri mu ndege zamakono.
Kugwiritsa ntchito magawo a aluminiyamu aloyi mu gawo lazamlengalenga
Aluminiyamu ndi chitsulo chopepuka kwambiri, cholemera pafupifupi 2.7 g/cm3 (ma gramu pa kiyubiki centimita).Ngakhale aluminiyamu ndi yopepuka komanso yotsika mtengo kuposa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, aluminiyamu si yamphamvu komanso yosamva dzimbiri ngati chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, ndipo si yamphamvu komanso yosachita dzimbiri ngati chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi chapamwamba kuposa aluminiyamu potengera mphamvu.
Ngakhale kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zitsulo za aluminiyumu kwatsika m'zinthu zambiri za kupanga ndege, zida za aluminiyamu zimakhalabe zofunika kwambiri pakupanga ndege zamakono, komanso pazinthu zambiri, aluminiyumu akadali chinthu cholimba, chopepuka.Chifukwa cha kukhazikika kwake komanso kuphweka kwa makina, aluminiyumu ndi yotsika mtengo kuposa zipangizo zambiri zophatikizika kapena titaniyamu.Ikhozanso kupititsa patsogolo zinthu zake zachitsulo poyiphatikiza ndi zitsulo zina monga mkuwa, magnesium, manganese ndi zinki kapena kuzizira kapena kutentha.
Ma aluminiyamu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zida zamlengalenga ndi awa:
1. Aluminiyamu aloyi 7075 (zotayidwa / zinki)
2. Aluminiyamu aloyi 7475-02 (aluminium/zinki/magnesium/silicon/chromium)
3. Aluminiyamu aloyi 6061 (aluminiyamu/magnesium/silicon)
7075, kuphatikiza kwa aluminiyamu ndi zinki, ndi imodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazamlengalenga, zomwe zimapereka zida zabwino kwambiri zamakina, ductility, mphamvu ndi kukana kutopa.
7475-02 ndi kuphatikiza kwa aluminium, zinki, silicon ndi chromium, pomwe 6061 ili ndi aluminium, magnesium ndi silicon.Ndi aloyi iti yomwe imafunikira zimatengera momwe ma terminal akufunira.Ngakhale kuti mbali zambiri za aluminiyamu pa ndege ndizokongoletsa, potengera kulemera kwake komanso kusasunthika, aloyi ya aluminiyamu ndiyo yabwino kwambiri.
Aluminiyamu wamba omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'makampani opanga ndege ndi aluminium scandium.Kuonjezera scandium ku aluminiyamu kumawonjezera mphamvu yachitsulo ndi kukana kutentha.Kugwiritsa ntchito aluminium scandium kumathandizanso kuti mafuta azigwira bwino ntchito.Popeza ndi m'malo mwa zinthu zowuma kwambiri monga chitsulo ndi titaniyamu, m'malo mwa zidazi ndi aluminium scandium yopepuka kumatha kuchepetsa thupi, potero kumapangitsa kuti mafuta azigwira bwino ntchito komanso kulimba kwa airframe.
Kugwiritsa ntchito zida zachitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri muzamlengalenga
M'makampani opanga ndege, kugwiritsa ntchito zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ndizodabwitsa poyerekeza ndi aluminiyumu.Chifukwa cha kulemera kolemera kwa zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake muzamlengalenga kwawonjezeka kwambiri kuposa kale lonse.
Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chimatanthawuza banja lazitsulo zopangidwa ndi chitsulo zomwe zimakhala ndi 11% chromium, chigawo chomwe chimalepheretsa chitsulo kuti chisawonongeke komanso chimapereka mphamvu yolimbana ndi kutentha.Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ndi monga nayitrogeni, aluminiyamu, silicon, sulfure, titaniyamu, faifi tambala, mkuwa, selenium, niobium ndi molybdenum.Pali mitundu yambiri yazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zilipo zoposa 150, ndipo zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri zimangotengera gawo limodzi mwa magawo khumi a zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri.Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chikhoza kupangidwa kukhala pepala, mbale, mipiringidzo, waya ndi chubu, kuti ikhale yoyenera ntchito zosiyanasiyana.
Pali magulu asanu akuluakulu azitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zomwe zimagawidwa makamaka ndi mawonekedwe awo a kristalo.Zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri izi ndi:
1. Austenitic chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri
2. Ferritic zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri
3. Martensitic zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri
4. Duplex chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri
5. Mvula inaumitsa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri
Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi aloyi wopangidwa ndi kuphatikiza chitsulo ndi chromium.Mphamvu ya chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri imagwirizana mwachindunji ndi zomwe zili mu chromium mu alloy.Kukwera kwa chromium kumapangitsanso mphamvu yachitsulo.Kukana kwachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi kutentha kwapamwamba kumapangitsa kukhala koyenera pazinthu zingapo zakuthambo, kuphatikiza ma actuators, fasteners ndi zida zoyatsira.
Ubwino wogwiritsa ntchito zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri pazamlengalenga:
Ngakhale kuti chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi champhamvu kuposa aluminiyamu, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri nthawi zambiri chimakhala cholemera kwambiri.Koma poyerekeza ndi aluminiyumu, zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zili ndi zabwino ziwiri zofunika:
1. Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chimakhala ndi kukana kwa dzimbiri.
2. Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi champhamvu komanso chosavala.
The shear modulus ndi malo osungunuka a zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zimakhalanso zovuta kukonza kuposa ma aluminiyamu alloys.
Zinthuzi ndizofunikira kwambiri pazigawo zambiri zakuthambo, ndipo zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zimakhala ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pakugwiritsira ntchito zakuthambo.Ubwino wa zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri umaphatikizansopo kutentha kwambiri ndi kukana moto, mawonekedwe owala, okongola.Maonekedwe ndi khalidwe labwino kwambiri laukhondo.Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi chosavuta kupanga.Zigawo za ndege zikafunika kuwotcherera, kupangidwa ndi makina kapena kudulidwa kuti zitsimikizidwe, ntchito yabwino kwambiri yazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri imakhala yowonekera kwambiri.Zosakaniza zina zazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zimakhala ndi mphamvu yokana kwambiri, zomwe zimakhudzanso chitetezo cha ndege zazikulu.ndi kulimba ndi zinthu zofunika.
M'kupita kwa nthawi, makampani opanga ndege akhala amitundu yosiyanasiyana, ndipo magalimoto amakono apamlengalenga amatha kumangidwa ndi matupi azitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri kapena ma airframe.Ngakhale kuti ndi okwera mtengo, amakhalanso amphamvu kwambiri kuposa aluminiyamu, ndipo ndi magulu osiyanasiyana a zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri malingana ndi zochitika, kugwiritsa ntchito zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri kungaperekebe mphamvu yabwino kwambiri yolemera.
Nthawi yotumiza: Mar-02-2023