Iimfuno ezisisiseko kwiiplastiki zonyango zizinzo lwekhemikhali kunye nokhuseleko lwebhayoloji, kuba ziya kudibana namachiza okanye umzimba womntu.Amacandelo akwizinto zeplastiki azinakufakwa kwiyeza ezingamanzi okanye emzimbeni womntu, aziyi kubangela ubuthi kunye nomonakalo kwizicubu kunye namalungu, kwaye azinabungozi kwaye azinabungozi emzimbeni womntu.Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukhuseleko lwebhayoloji yeeplastiki zonyango, iiplastiki zonyango ezihlala zithengiswa kwimarike ziye zadlula isatifikethi kunye novavanyo lwabasemagunyeni bezonyango, kwaye abasebenzisi baziswa ngokucacileyo ukuba zeziphi iimpawu zebakala lezonyango.
Izixhobo zeplastiki zonyango ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ziyi-polyethylene (PE), i-polypropylene (PP), i-polyvinyl chloride (PVC), i-polyamide (PA), i-polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), i-polycarbonate (i-PC), i-polystyrene (PS), i-polyetheretherketone (PEEK), njl. I-PVC kunye ne-PE i-akhawunti yesona sixa sikhulu, esibalelwa kwi-28% kunye ne-24% ngokulandelelanayo;I-PS yenza i-18%;I-PP yenza i-16%;iiplastiki zobunjineli zibalelwa kwi-14%.
Oku kulandelayo kwazisa iiplastiki ezidla ngokusetyenziswa kunyango lwezamayeza.
1. Polyethylene (PE, Polyethylene)
Iimpawu: Ukuzinza kweekhemikhali eziphezulu, i-biocompatibility efanelekileyo, kodwa akulula ukuyidibanisa.
I-PE yiplastiki yenjongo ngokubanzi enemveliso enkulu.Ineenzuzo zokusetyenzwa kakuhle, ixabiso eliphantsi, i-non-toxic kunye ne-tasteless, kunye ne-biocompatibility efanelekileyo.
I-PE ikakhulu ibandakanya i-polyethylene ephantsi (i-LDPE), i-polyethylene ephezulu (i-HDPE) kunye ne-ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) kunye nezinye iindidi.I-UHMWPE (i-ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene) yiplastiki ekhethekileyo yobunjineli enokumelana nempembelelo ephezulu, ukuxhathisa okuqinileyo (isithsaba seplastiki), i-coefficient encinci ye-friction, i-inertness ye-biological kunye neempawu ezilungileyo zokufunxa amandla.Ukumelana kwayo neekhemikhali kunokuthelekiswa ne-PTFE.
Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ziquka amandla aphezulu omatshini, i-ductility kunye nendawo yokunyibilika.I-Polyethylene yoxinaniso inendawo yokunyibilika eyi-1200°C ukuya ku-1800°C, ngelixa i-polyethylene exineneyo ephantsi inendawo yokunyibilika eyi-1200°C ukuya kwi-1800°C.I-Polyethylene yiplastiki yomgangatho ophezulu wonyango ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo kakuhle, ukuxhathisa impembelelo, ukunganyangeki komhlwa, kunye nokuqina okuqinileyo kolwakhiwo ngemijikelo rhoqo yokuvala inzala.Ngenxa yokuba i-inert yebhayoloji kwaye ingonakali emzimbeni
I-Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) Ukusetyenziswa: Ukupakishwa kwezonyango kunye nezikhongozeli ze-IV.
I-polyethylene ephezulu (i-HDPE) isebenzisa: i-urethra yokufakelwa, imiphunga eyenziweyo, i-trachea eyenziweyo, i-larynx yokwenziwa, intso eyenziweyo, ithambo lokwenziwa, izixhobo zokulungisa amathambo.
I-Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) Ukusetyenziswa: imiphunga eyenziweyo, i-artificial joints, njl.
2. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC, Polyvinyl chloride)
Iimpawu: ixabiso eliphantsi, uluhlu olubanzi lwesicelo, ukusetyenzwa lula, ukuchasana kweekhemikhali okulungileyo, kodwa ukuzinza okungahambi kakuhle kwe-thermal.
I-PVC ye-resin powder imhlophe okanye i-yellow yellow powder, i-PVC ecocekileyo i-atactic, ilukhuni kwaye i-brittle, ayifane isetyenziswe.Ngokweenjongo ezahlukeneyo, izongezelelo ezahlukeneyo zingongezwa ukwenza iinxalenye zeplastiki zePVC zibonise iimpawu ezahlukeneyo zomzimba kunye nezoomatshini.Ukongeza isixa esifanelekileyo seplastiki kwintlaka yePVC kunokwenza iintlobo ngeentlobo zeemveliso ezinzima, ezithambileyo nezingafihliyo.
Iindlela ezimbini eziqhelekileyo zePVC ezisetyenziswa ekwenzeni iiplastiki zonyango zibhetyebhetye zePVC kunye nePVC eqinileyo.I-PVC eqinile ayiqulathanga okanye iqulethe i-plasticizer encinci, ine-tensile elungileyo, ukugoba, ukuxinzelela kunye neempawu zokumelana nempembelelo, kwaye inokusetyenziswa njengento yolwakhiwo yodwa.I-PVC ethambileyo iqulethe iiplastiki ezithe kratya, ukuthamba kwayo, ubude bayo ngexesha lekhefu, kunye nokunyuka kokumelana nokubanda, kodwa ubuqhophololo bayo, ubulukhuni, kunye nokomelela kwayo kuyancipha.Ubuninzi bePVC ecocekileyo yi-1.4g / cm3, kwaye ubuninzi beengxenye zeplastiki zePVC ezineeplastiki kunye nezihlunu zihlala kuluhlu lwe-1.15 ~ 2.00g / cm3.
Ngokoqikelelo olungaphelelanga, malunga ne-25% yeemveliso zeplastiki zonyango zi-PVC.Ikakhulu ngenxa yexabiso eliphantsi le-resin, uluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo, kunye nokulungiswa okulula.Iimveliso ze-PVC zezicelo zonyango zibandakanya: iityhubhu ye-hemodialysis, iimaski zokuphefumla, iityhubhu ze-oksijini, ii-catheter zentliziyo, izinto ezifakelwayo, iingxowa zegazi, i-peritoneum eyenziweyo, njl.
3. Ipolypropylene (PP, polypropylene)
Iimpawu: i-non-toxic, i-tasteless, iipropathi ezilungileyo zemishini, ukuzinza kweekhemikhali kunye nokumelana nokushisa.Ukugquma okulungileyo, ukufunxwa kwamanzi aphantsi, ukuchasana kakuhle kwe-solvent, ukuxhathisa kwe-oyile, ukuxhathisa okubuthathaka kwe-asidi, ukuxhathisa okubuthathaka kwe-alkali, ukubumba okulungileyo, akukho ngxaki yokuqhekeka koxinzelelo lwendalo.I-PP yi-thermoplastic kunye nokusebenza okugqwesileyo.Ineenzuzo zobunzima obuthile obuncinci (0.9g / cm3), ukucutshungulwa lula, ukuchasana nempembelelo, ukumelana ne-flex, kunye nenqanaba eliphezulu lokunyibilika (malunga ne-1710C).Inoluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo kubomi bemihla ngemihla, ireyithi yokubumba i-pp shrinkage inkulu, kwaye ukwenziwa kweemveliso ezityebileyo kuthande ukuba neziphene.Umphezulu awusebenzi kwaye kunzima ukuprinta kunye nokudibanisa.Inokukhutshwa, ifakwe inaliti, idityaniswe, ifakwe amagwebu, ifakwe i-thermoform, yenziwe ngoomatshini.
I-PP yezoNyango inokungafihli okuphezulu, umqobo olungileyo kunye nokumelana nemitha, okwenza ukuba isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwizixhobo zonyango kunye namashishini okupakisha.Izinto ezingezizo iPVC ezinePP njengomzimba ophambili endaweni yemathiriyeli yePVC esetyenziswa ngokubanzi ngoku.
Ukusetyenziswa: Iisirinji ezilahlwayo, izihlanganisi, iiplastiki ezicacileyo, iindiza, ukupakishwa kwesondlo sabazali, iifilimu zedialysis.
Amanye amashishini abandakanya iibhegi ezilukiweyo, iifilim, iibhokisi zenguqu, izixhobo zokukhusela ucingo, iithoyi, iibhampa zeemoto, iifayibha, oomatshini bokuhlamba, njl.
4. I-Polystyrene (PS, Polystyrene) kunye neKresin
Iimpawu: ixabiso eliphantsi, ukuxinana okuphantsi, okucacileyo, ukuzinza kwe-dimensional, ukumelana ne-radiation (sterilization).
I-PS yintlobo yeplastiki yesibini kuphela kwi-polyvinyl chloride kunye ne-polyethylene.Ngokuqhelekileyo icutshungulwa kwaye isetyenziswe njengeplastiki yecandelo elinye.Iimpawu zayo eziphambili bubunzima obulula, ukungafihli, ukudaya ngokulula, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokubumba.Amalungu ombane, izixhobo zamehlo kunye nezixhobo zenkcubeko kunye nezemfundo.I-texture ilukhuni kwaye i-brittle, kwaye ine-coefficient ephezulu yokwandiswa kwe-thermal, ngaloo ndlela inciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwayo kubunjineli.Kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje, i-polystyrene elungisiweyo kunye ne-styrene-based copolymers ziye zaphuhliswa ukoyisa ukusilela kwe-polystyrene kwinqanaba elithile.K resin yenye yazo.
I-Kresin yenziwa yi-copolymerization ye-styrene kunye ne-butadiene.I-polymer e-amorphous, ecacileyo, engenavumba, ayinayo ityhefu, kunye noxinano malunga ne-1.01g / cm3 (ngaphantsi kwe-PS kunye ne-AS), kunye nokuchasana kwempembelelo ephezulu kune-PS., ukungafihli (80-90%) kulungile, ubushushu bokutshintsha ubushushu bungama-77 ℃, ingakanani ibutadiene equlethwe kwizinto ze-K, kwaye ubulukhuni bayo buhluke, kuba izinto ze-K zinobumanzi obuhle kunye noluhlu olubanzi lobushushu bokucubungula, ngoko ukusebenza kwayo Okulungileyo.
Ukusetyenziswa kweCrystalline Polystyrene: Iilebhu, izitya zepetri kunye nethishu, izixhobo zokuphefumla kunye neengqayi zokufunxa.
Ukusetyenziswa kwePolystyrene eneMpembelelo ephezulu: Iitreyi zeCatheter, iimpompo zentliziyo, iitreyi ezisedural, izixhobo zokuphefumla, kunye neekomityi zokufunxa.
Ezona zinto zisetyenziswayo kubomi bemihla ngemihla zibandakanya iikomityi, izivalo, iibhotile, ukupakishwa kwezithambiso, iihanger, iithoyi, iimveliso ezithatha indawo yePVC, ukupakishwa kokutya kunye nezixhobo zokupakisha zonyango, njl.
5. Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymers (ABS, Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene copolymers)
Iimpawu: Inzima, inamandla okumelana neempembelelo, ukuchasana nokukrwempa, ukuzinza komda, njl., ubungqina bokufuma, ukumelana nokugqwala, ukusetyenzwa ngokulula, kunye nokuhanjiswa kokukhanya okulungileyo.Usetyenziso lwezonyango lwe-ABS lusetyenziswa kakhulu njengezixhobo zokwenza utyando, iikliphu eziqengqelekayo, iinaliti zeplastiki, iibhokisi zezixhobo, izixhobo zokuxilonga kunye nezindlu zoncedo lokuva, ngakumbi izindlu zezixhobo zonyango ezikhulu.
6. Polycarbonate (PC, Polycarbonate)
Iimpawu: Ukuqina okuhle, ukomelela, ukuqina kunye nobushushu obungangeni bushushu, ukucaca okuphezulu.Ifanelekile ukubunjwa kwenaliti, i-welding kunye nezinye iinkqubo zokubumba, ezijongene noxinzelelo lokuqhekeka.
Ezi mpawu zenza i-PC ikhethwe njengezihlungi ze-hemodialysis, izixhobo zokuhlinzwa kunye neetanki ze-oksijini (xa utyando lwentliziyo yotyando, esi sixhobo sinokususa i-carbon dioxide egazini kunye nokwandisa i-oksijini);
Usetyenziso lwezonyango lweePC lukwabandakanya iinkqubo zokutofa ezingenanaliti, izixhobo zokuxutywa, izindlu ezahlukeneyo, izihlanganisi, izixhobo zotyando, iitanki zeoksijini, izitya ze-centrifuge zegazi, kunye neepiston.Ukuthatha ithuba lokubonakala kwayo okuphezulu, iiglasi eziqhelekileyo ze-myopia zenziwe ngePC.
7. I-Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE, Polytetrafluoroethylene)
Iimpawu: i-crystallinity ephezulu, ukumelana nokushisa okulungileyo, ukuzinza kweekhemikhali eziphezulu, i-asidi eqinile kunye ne-alkali kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-solvents eziphilayo azichatshazelwa yiyo.Inokusebenza kakuhle kwe-biocompatibility kunye nokuguquguquka kwegazi, akukho monakalo kwi-physiology yabantu, akukho mpendulo ingalunganga xa ifakwe emzimbeni, inokukhutshwa inzalo kubushushu obuphezulu, kwaye ifanelekile ukusetyenziswa kwicandelo lezonyango.
I-PTFE resin ngumgubo omhlophe kunye nenkangeleko ye-waxy, egudileyo kwaye ayincangathi, kwaye yeyona iplastiki ibalulekileyo.I-PTFE inomsebenzi oncomekayo, ongenakuthelekiswa ne-thermoplastics eqhelekileyo, ngoko yaziwa ngokuba yi "King of Plastics".Ngenxa yokuba i-coefficient of friction yeyona iphantsi phakathi kweeplastiki kwaye inokuhambelana kakuhle kwe-biocompatibility, inokwenziwa ibe yimithambo yegazi eyenziweyo kunye nezinye izixhobo ezifakwe ngokuthe ngqo kumzimba womntu.
Ukusetyenziswa: Zonke iintlobo zetrachea eyenziweyo, i-esophagus, i-bile duct, urethra, i-peritoneum eyenziweyo, i-brain dura mater, isikhumba sokwenziwa, ithambo elenziwe, njl.
8. Polyether ether ketone (PEEK, Polyether ether ketones)
Iimpawu: ukumelana nobushushu, ukumelana nobushushu, ukumelana nokudinwa, ukuxhathisa kwimitha, ukumelana nokugqwala, ukuxhathisa kwe-hydrolysis, ubunzima obulula, ukuzithambisa okulungileyo, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokusebenza.Iyakwazi ukumelana ne-autoclaving ephindaphindiweyo.
Usetyenziso: Inokutshintsha isinyithi kwizixhobo zotyando kunye nezamazinyo, kwaye ithathe indawo yealloys yetitanium xa kusenziwa amathambo enziweyo.
(Izixhobo zetsimbi zisenokubangela ubugcisa bomfanekiso okanye zichaphazele icandelo lotyando likagqirha ngexesha loqhaqho oluncinci lwezonyango. I-PEEK yomelele njengentsimbi engenakutyiwa, kodwa ayizukuvelisa izinto zakudala.)
9. IPoliamide (PA Polyamide) eyaziwa njengenayiloni, (Nayiloni)
Iimpawu: Inokuguquguquka, ukugoba ukugoba, ukuqina okuphezulu kwaye akulula ukuphuka, ukuxhathisa ithebhulethi yeekhemikhali kunye nokuxhatshazwa kwe-abrasion.Ayikhululi naziphi na izinto ezinobungozi kwaye ngoko ayibangeli ukuvuvukala kwesikhumba okanye kwezicubu.
Ukusetyenziswa: I-Hoses, i-Connectors, i-Adapter, ii-pistons.
10. I-Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU)
Iimpawu: Inokubonakala kakuhle, amandla aphezulu kunye nokusebenza kokukrazula, ukuxhathisa imichiza kunye nokuxhathisa i-abrasion;Uluhlu olubanzi lobulukhuni, indawo egudileyo, i-anti-fungal kunye ne-microorganism, kunye nokuxhathisa kwamanzi aphezulu.
Usetyenziso: iikhathetha zonyango, iimaski zeoksijini, iintliziyo ezenziweyo, izixhobo zokukhutshwa kweziyobisi, izihlanganisi ze-IV, iipowutshi zerabha zokuhlola uxinzelelo lwegazi, ukunxitywa kwamanxeba ukwenzela ukulawulwa ngaphandle kwecutaneous.
Ixesha lokuposa: Dec-09-2023