Ibisabwa byibanze kuri plastiki yubuvuzi ni imiti ihamye n’umutekano w’ibinyabuzima, kuko bizahura nibiyobyabwenge cyangwa umubiri wumuntu.Ibigize ibikoresho bya plastiki ntibishobora gutwarwa mubuvuzi bwamazi cyangwa mumubiri wumuntu, ntibizatera uburozi no kwangiza ingirangingo ningingo, kandi ntabwo ari uburozi kandi ntacyo byangiza umubiri wumuntu.Mu rwego rwo kurinda umutekano w’ibinyabuzima bya plastiki y’ubuvuzi, plastiki y’ubuvuzi isanzwe igurishwa ku isoko yatsinze icyemezo n’ikizamini cy’inzego z’ubuvuzi, kandi abayikoresha bamenyeshwa neza ibirango by’ubuvuzi.
Ibikoresho bya pulasitiki bikoreshwa cyane ni polyethylene (PE), polypropilene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyamide (PA), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyakarubone (PC), polystirene (PS), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), nibindi, nibindi. PVC na PE bifite umubare munini, bingana na 28% na 24%;PS ifite 18%;PP ihwanye na 16%;plastiki yubuhanga ifite 14%.
Ibikurikira byerekana plastike zikoreshwa mubuvuzi.
1. Polyethylene (PE, Polyethylene)
Ibiranga: Imiterere ihanitse yimiti, biocompatibilité nziza, ariko ntibyoroshye guhuza.
PE ni rusange-igamije plastike hamwe nibisohoka byinshi.Ifite ibyiza byo gutunganya neza imikorere, igiciro gito, idafite uburozi kandi uburyohe, hamwe na biocompatibilité nziza.
PE ikubiyemo cyane cyane polyethylene (LDPE), polyethylene yuzuye (HDPE) hamwe na polyethylene yuburemere bukabije (UHMWPE) nubundi bwoko.U.Imiti irwanya imiti irashobora kugereranywa na PTFE.
Ibintu rusange birimo imbaraga zubukanishi, guhindagurika no gushonga.Ubucucike bwa polyethylene bufite aho bushonga bwa 1200 ° C kugeza 1800 ° C, mugihe polyethylene nkeya ifite ubushyuhe bwa 1200 ° C kugeza 1800 ° C.Polyethylene ni plastiki yo mu rwego rwo hejuru yo mu rwego rwo hejuru kubera ko ikora neza, irwanya ingaruka, irwanya ruswa, hamwe n’uburinganire bukomeye bw’imiterere binyuze mu kuzunguruka kenshi.Bitewe no kuba biologique inert kandi itangirika mumubiri
Ubucucike Buke bwa Polyethylene (LDPE) Gukoresha: Ibikoresho byo kwa muganga hamwe nibikoresho bya IV.
Polyethylene yuzuye cyane (HDPE) ikoresha: urethra artificiel, ibihaha byubukorikori, trachea artificiel, larynx artificiel, impyiko yubukorikori, amagufwa yubukorikori, ibikoresho byo gusana amagufwa.
Uburemere burenze urugero bwa polyethylene (UHMWPE) Gukoresha: ibihaha byubukorikori, ingingo zifatika, nibindi.
2. Choride ya Polyvinyl (PVC, chloride ya Polyvinyl)
Ibiranga: igiciro gito, uburyo bwagutse bwo gukoresha, gutunganya byoroshye, kurwanya imiti myiza, ariko ubushyuhe buke bwumuriro.
Ifu ya PVC isukuye ni ifu yera cyangwa yoroheje yumuhondo, PVC yera ntabwo ikora, irakomeye kandi yoroheje, ikoreshwa gake.Ukurikije intego zitandukanye, inyongeramusaruro zitandukanye zirashobora kongerwamo kugirango ibice bya plastike bya PVC bigaragaze ibintu bitandukanye byumubiri nubukanishi.Ongeraho urugero rukwiye rwa plasitike kuri PVC resin irashobora gukora ibicuruzwa bitandukanye bikomeye, byoroshye kandi bisobanutse.
Uburyo bubiri rusange bwa PVC bukoreshwa mugukora plastiki yubuvuzi ni PVC yoroheje na PVC ikomeye.PVC Rigid ntabwo irimo cyangwa irimo plastike nkeya, ifite uburakari bwiza, kunama, kwikomeretsa no kurwanya ingaruka, kandi irashobora gukoreshwa nkibikoresho byubaka byonyine.PVC yoroshye irimo plasitike nyinshi, ubworoherane bwayo, kuramba kuruhuka, no kurwanya ubukonje biriyongera, ariko ubukana bwayo, ubukana, nimbaraga zaragabanutse.Ubucucike bwa PVC yera ni 1.4g / cm3, kandi ubucucike bwibice bya pulasitike bya PVC hamwe na plasitike hamwe nuwuzuza muri rusange biri hagati ya 1.15 ~ 2.00g / cm3.
Ukurikije ibigereranyo bituzuye, hafi 25% byibicuruzwa bya pulasitiki byubuvuzi ni PVC.Ahanini bitewe nigiciro gito cya resin, intera nini ya progaramu, hamwe no gutunganya byoroshye.Ibicuruzwa bya PVC mubisabwa mubuvuzi birimo: hemodialysis tubing, masike yo guhumeka, umuyoboro wa ogisijeni, catheters yumutima, ibikoresho bya prostate, imifuka yamaraso, peritoneum artificiel, nibindi.
3. Polypropilene (PP, polypropilene)
Ibiranga: bidafite uburozi, uburyohe, ibintu byiza bya mashini, ituze ryimiti hamwe nubushyuhe.Kwirinda neza, kwinjiza amazi make, kurwanya amavuta meza, kurwanya amavuta, kurwanya acide nkeya, kurwanya alkali nkeya, kubumba neza, nta kibazo cyo guhagarika ibidukikije.PP ni thermoplastique hamwe nibikorwa byiza.Ifite ibyiza byuburemere bwihariye (0.9g / cm3), gutunganya byoroshye, kurwanya ingaruka, kurwanya flex, hamwe no gushonga cyane (hafi 1710C).Ifite uburyo butandukanye bwo gukoresha mubuzima bwa buri munsi, pp molding igabanuka ni nini, kandi gukora ibicuruzwa binini cyane bikunze kwibasirwa.Ubuso burimo inert kandi biragoye gucapa no guhuza.Irashobora gusohora, guterwa inshinge, gusudira, kubira ifuro, gushiramo imbaraga, gukora imashini.
Ubuvuzi PP bufite umucyo mwinshi, inzitizi nziza no kurwanya imirasire, bigatuma ikoreshwa cyane mubikoresho byubuvuzi ninganda zipakira.Ibikoresho bitari PVC hamwe na PP nkumubiri nyamukuru ni insimburangingo ya PVC ikoreshwa cyane muri iki gihe.
Imikoreshereze: Siringes zikoreshwa, umuhuza, ibifuniko bya pulasitike bisobanutse, ibyatsi, gupakira imirire yababyeyi, firime ya dialyse.
Izindi nganda zirimo imifuka iboshywe, firime, agasanduku k'ibicuruzwa, ibikoresho byo gukingira insinga, ibikinisho, imashini zitwara imodoka, fibre, imashini imesa, n'ibindi.
4. Polystirene (PS, Polystirene) na Kresin
Ibiranga: igiciro gito, ubucucike buke, mucyo, guhagarara neza, kurwanya imirasire (sterilisation).
PS ni ubwoko bwa plastike bwa kabiri nyuma ya polyvinyl chloride na polyethylene.Ubusanzwe itunganywa kandi igashyirwa mubikorwa nka plastiki imwe.Ibyingenzi byingenzi biranga uburemere bworoshye, gukorera mu mucyo, gusiga irangi byoroshye, no gukora neza.Ibice by'amashanyarazi, ibikoresho bya optique nibikoresho byumuco nuburezi.Imiterere irakomeye kandi yoroheje, kandi ifite coefficente yo kwagura ubushyuhe, bityo bikagabanya ikoreshwa ryayo mubuhanga.Mu myaka ya vuba aha, hahinduwe polystirene na styrene ishingiye kuri copolymers kugirango ikemure amakosa ya polystirene kurwego runaka.K resin ni imwe muri zo.
Kresin ikorwa na copolymerisation ya styrene na butadiene.Ni polymer amorphous, ibonerana, idafite impumuro nziza, idafite uburozi, hamwe n'ubucucike bwa 1.01g / cm3 (munsi ya PS na AS), kandi birwanya ingaruka nyinshi kurenza PS.. imikorere yacyo rero nziza.
Ikoreshwa rya Crystalline Polystyrene: Ibikoresho bya laboratoire, petri na tissue ibiryo byumuco, ibikoresho byubuhumekero nibikarito.
Imikoreshereze Yinshi ya Polystirene Ikoreshwa: Inzira ya Catheter, pompe yumutima, tray yumwanya, ibikoresho byubuhumekero, nibikombe byo guswera.
Ibyingenzi bikoreshwa mubuzima bwa buri munsi harimo ibikombe, ibipfundikizo, amacupa, ibikoresho byo kwisiga, kumanika, ibikinisho, ibicuruzwa bisimbuza PVC, gupakira ibiryo nibikoresho byo kwa muganga, nibindi.
5. Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymers (ABS, Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene copolymers)
Ibiranga: Birakomeye, hamwe ningaruka zikomeye zo guhangana ningaruka, kurwanya ibishushanyo, guhagarara neza, nibindi, birinda ubushuhe, birwanya ruswa, byoroshye gutunganya, no kohereza urumuri rwiza.Ikoreshwa ryubuvuzi rya ABS rikoreshwa cyane cyane nkibikoresho byo kubaga, clip roller, inshinge za pulasitike, agasanduku k'ibikoresho, ibikoresho byo gusuzuma ndetse n'inzu zifasha kumva, cyane cyane amazu y'ibikoresho bimwe na bimwe binini by'ubuvuzi.
6. Polyakarubone (PC, Polyakarubone)
Ibiranga: Gukomera kwiza, imbaraga, gukomera hamwe nubushyuhe bwokwirinda ubushyuhe, gukorera mu mucyo mwinshi.Bikwiranye no gutera inshinge, gusudira hamwe nubundi buryo bwo kubumba, bikunda guhangayika.
Ibi biranga bituma PC ikundwa nkayunguruzo rwa hemodialyse, ibikoresho byo kubaga hamwe na tanki ya ogisijeni (mugihe cyo kubaga umutima wo kubaga, iki gikoresho gishobora gukuraho dioxyde de carbone mumaraso kandi ikongera ogisijeni);
Ubuvuzi bwa PC burimo kandi sisitemu yo gutera inshinge zidafite inshinge, ibikoresho bya parufe, amazu atandukanye, umuhuza, ibikoresho byo kubaga, ibigega bya ogisijeni, ibikombe bya centrifuge, na piston.Kwifashisha umucyo mwinshi, ibirahuri bisanzwe bya myopiya bikozwe muri PC.
7. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE, Polytetrafluoroethylene)
Ibiranga: kristaliste nyinshi, kurwanya ubushyuhe bwiza, gushikama kwimiti myinshi, aside ikomeye na alkali hamwe nudukoko twinshi kama ntabwo bigira ingaruka kuri yo.Ifite ibinyabuzima bihuza neza no guhuza n'amaraso, nta byangiza umubiri wa muntu, nta ngaruka mbi iyo byatewe mu mubiri, birashobora guhindurwa mu bushyuhe bwinshi, kandi bikwiriye gukoreshwa mu rwego rw'ubuvuzi.
PTFE resin ni ifu yera ifite ibishashara, yoroshye kandi idafatanye, kandi ni plastiki ikomeye.PTFE ifite imikorere myiza, itagereranywa na thermoplastique isanzwe, bityo izwi nka "Umwami wa Plastike".Kubera ko coefficente yacyo yo guterana ari yo hasi cyane muri plastiki kandi ikagira biocompatibilité nziza, irashobora gukorwa mumitsi yamaraso yubukorikori nibindi bikoresho byinjizwa mumubiri wumuntu.
Imikoreshereze: Ubwoko bwose bwa trachea artificiel, esophagus, umuyoboro wa bile, urethra, peritoneum artificiel, ubwonko dura mater, uruhu rwubukorikori, amagufwa yubukorikori, nibindi.
8. Polyether ether ketone (PEEK, Poly ether ether ketone)
Ibiranga: kurwanya ubushyuhe, kwihanganira kwambara, kurwanya umunaniro, kurwanya imishwarara, kurwanya ruswa, kurwanya hydrolysis, uburemere bworoshye, kwisiga neza, no gukora neza.Irashobora kwihanganira autoclaving.
Imikoreshereze: Irashobora gusimbuza ibyuma mubikoresho byo kubaga no kuvura amenyo, no gusimbuza titanium alloys mugukora amagufwa yubukorikori.
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9. Polyamide (PA Polyamide) bakunze kwita nylon, (Nylon)
Ibiranga: Ifite ubworoherane, irwanya kunama, gukomera gukomeye kandi ntabwo byoroshye kumeneka, kurwanya ibinini bya chimique no kurwanya abrasion.Ntabwo irekura ibintu byose byangiza bityo ntibitera uruhu cyangwa ingirangingo.
Gukoresha: Amazu, Umuhuza, Adapters, Pistons.
10. Polyurethane ya Thermoplastique (TPU)
Ibiranga: Ifite umucyo mwiza, imbaraga nyinshi no gukora amarira, kurwanya imiti no kurwanya abrasion;intera nini yo gukomera, hejuru yubusa, anti-fungal na microorganism, hamwe no kurwanya amazi menshi.
Ikoreshwa: catheters yubuvuzi, masike ya ogisijeni, imitima yubukorikori, ibikoresho byo kurekura ibiyobyabwenge, umuhuza wa IV, reberi ya reberi kubakurikirana umuvuduko wamaraso, kwambara ibikomere kubuyobozi budasanzwe.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-09-2023