Litlhoko tsa motheo tsa polasetiki ea bongaka ke botsitso ba lik'hemik'hale le polokeho ea likokoana-hloko, hobane li tla kopana le lithethefatsi kapa 'mele oa motho.Likarolo tse ka har'a thepa ea polasetiki li ke ke tsa kenngoa ka har'a moriana oa metsi kapa 'meleng oa motho, li ke ke tsa baka chefo le tšenyo ea lisele le litho tsa' mele, 'me ha li na chefo ebile ha li kotsi' meleng oa motho.E le ho netefatsa polokeho ea likokoana-hloko ea li-plastiki tsa bongaka, li-plastiki tsa bongaka tse atisang ho rekisoa 'marakeng li fetisitse setifikeiti le tlhahlobo ea balaoli ba bongaka,' me basebelisi ba tsebisoa ka ho hlaka hore na ke mefuta efe ea boemo ba bongaka.
Lisebelisoa tsa polasetiki tsa bongaka tse sebelisoang ka tloaelo ke polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyamide (PA), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polycarbonate (PC), polystyrene (PS), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), joalo-joalo, PVC le akhaonto ea PE bakeng sa chelete e kholo ka ho fetisisa, e ikarabellang bakeng sa 28% le 24% ka ho latellana;PS e nka karolo ea 18 lekholong;PP e nka karolo ea 16 lekholong;lipolasetiki tsa boenjiniere li etsa 14%.
Lintlha tse latelang li kenyelletsa lipolasetiki tse sebelisoang haholo kalafong ea bongaka.
1. Polyethylene (PE, Polyethylene)
Likarolo: Botsitso bo phahameng ba lik'hemik'hale, biocompatibility e ntle, empa ha ho bonolo ho tlamahane.
PE ke polasetiki e sebelisoang ka kakaretso e nang le tlhahiso e kholo ka ho fetisisa.E na le melemo ea ts'ebetso e ntle ea ts'ebetso, theko e tlase, e se nang chefo le e sa latsoeheng, le biocompatibility e ntle.
PE haholo-holo e kenyelletsa polyethylene e tlaase-tlaase (LDPE), polyethylene e phahameng haholo (HDPE) le polyethylene e phahameng ea molek'hule (UHMWPE) le mefuta e meng.UHMWPE (polyethylene e phahameng ea boima ba molek'hule) ke polasetiki e khethehileng ea boenjiniere e nang le ts'usumetso e matla, ho hanyetsa ho roala ho matla (moqhaka oa polasetiki), coefficient e nyane ea likhohlano, ho se sebetse ha likokoana-hloko le litšobotsi tse ntle tsa ho monya matla.Ho hanyetsa lik'hemik'hale tsa eona ho ka bapisoa le Ho bapisoa le PTFE.
Lintho tse akaretsang li kenyelletsa matla a phahameng a mochine, ductility le ntlha ea ho qhibiliha.Density polyethylene e na le ntlha e qhibilihisang ea 1200°C ho isa ho 1800°C, ha polyethylene e tlaase e na le ntlha ea ho qhibiliha ea 1200°C ho isa ho 1800°C.Polyethylene ke polasetiki ea boemo ba bongaka ba maemo a holimo ka lebaka la ts'ebetso ea eona ea theko e tlase, e hanyetsanang le tšusumetso, e hanyetsanang le kutu, le bots'epehi bo matla ba sebopeho ka lipotoloho tsa khafetsa tsa ho thibela likokoana-hloko.Ka lebaka la ho ba le bophelo bo sa tsitsang le bo sa senyeheng mmeleng
Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) Lisebelisoa: Liphutheloana tsa bongaka le lijana tsa IV.
High-density polyethylene (HDPE) e sebelisa: urethra ea maiketsetso, matšoafo a maiketsetso, trachea ea maiketsetso, larynx ea maiketsetso, liphio tsa maiketsetso, lesapo la maiketsetso, lisebelisoa tsa ho lokisa masapo.
Polyethylene e phahameng haholo ea molek'hule (UHMWPE) e sebelisoa: matšoafo a maiketsetso, manonyeletso a maiketsetso, joalo-joalo.
2. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC, Polyvinyl chloride)
Likarolo: theko e tlase, mefuta e mengata ea kopo, ts'ebetso e bonolo, khanyetso e ntle ea lik'hemik'hale, empa botsitso bo fokolang ba mocheso.
PVC resin phofo ke phofo e tšoeu kapa e bobebe e mosehla, PVC e hloekileng e thata, e thata ebile e brittle, ha e sebelisoe ka seoelo.Ho ea ka merero e fapaneng, li-additives tse fapaneng li ka eketsoa ho etsa likarolo tsa polasetiki tsa PVC li bonts'a thepa e fapaneng ea 'mele le ea mochini.Ho eketsa palo e nepahetseng ea polasetiki ho resin ea PVC ho ka etsa mefuta e fapaneng ea lihlahisoa tse thata, tse bonolo le tse bonaletsang.
Mefuta e 'meli e akaretsang ea PVC e sebelisoang ha ho etsoa lipolasetiki tsa bongaka ke PVC e tenyetsehang le PVC e thata.PVC e thata ha e na kapa e na le polasetiki e nyane, e na le matla a matle, a kobehang, a hatellang le a ho hanyetsa, 'me e ka sebelisoa e le thepa ea meralo feela.PVC e bonolo e na le li-plasticizers tse ngata, bonolo ba eona, bolelele ba eona nakong ea khefu, 'me ho hanyetsa serame hoa eketseha, empa bofokoli ba eona, ho thatafala le matla a eona a fokotseha.Boima ba PVC e hloekileng ke 1.4g/cm3, 'me boholo ba likarolo tsa polasetiki tsa PVC tse nang le li-plasticizers le li-filler hangata li maemong a 1.15 ~ 2.00g/cm3.
Ho ea ka likhakanyo tse sa fellang, hoo e ka bang 25% ea lihlahisoa tsa polasetiki tsa bongaka ke PVC.Haholo-holo ka lebaka la theko e tlase ea resin, mefuta e mengata ea likopo, le ts'ebetso e bonolo.Lihlahisoa tsa PVC bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa bongaka li kenyelletsa: hemodialysis tubing, limaske tse phefumolohang, li-tubes tsa oksijene, li-catheter tsa pelo, lisebelisoa tsa maiketsetso, mekotla ea mali, peritoneum ea maiketsetso, jj.
3. Polypropylene (PP, polypropylene)
Likarolo: e seng chefo, e sa latsoeheng, thepa e ntle ea mochini, botsitso ba lik'hemik'hale le ho hanyetsa mocheso.Ho kenella hantle, ho monya metsi a tlase, khanyetso e ntle ea solvent, khanyetso ea oli, ho hanyetsa acid e fokolang, ho hanyetsa alkali e fokolang, ho bōptjoa hantle, ha ho na bothata ba ho senya khatello ea tikoloho.PP ke thermoplastic e nang le ts'ebetso e ntle haholo.E na le melemo ea matla a khoheli a manyane (0.9g / cm3), ts'ebetso e bonolo, ho hanyetsa tšusumetso, ho hanyetsa ha flex, le ntlha e phahameng ea ho qhibiliha (hoo e ka bang 1710C).E na le mefuta e mengata ea lits'ebetso bophelong ba letsatsi le letsatsi, sekhahla sa shrinkage sa pp se seholo, 'me ho etsoa ha lihlahisoa tse teteaneng ho na le bofokoli.Bokaholimo bo kenelletse ebile bo thata ho hatisa le ho bo kopanya.E ka fetisoa, ea bōptjoa ka ente, ea chesetsoa, ea foamed, ea thermoformed, ea etsoa ka mochine.
Medical PP e na le ponaletso e phahameng, tšitiso e ntle le ho hanyetsa mahlaseli, ho etsa hore e sebelisoe haholo ho lisebelisoa tsa bongaka le liindasteri tsa ho paka.Thepa e seng ea PVC e nang le PP joalo ka 'mele oa mantlha e nkela thepa ea PVC e sebelisoang haholo hajoale.
Litšebeliso: li-syringe tse lahliloeng, lihokelo, likoahelo tsa polasetiki tse bonaletsang, mahlaka, liphutheloana tsa phepo ea batsoali, lifilimi tsa dialysis.
Liindasteri tse ling li kenyelletsa mekotla e lohiloeng, lifilimi, mabokose a thekiso, lisebelisoa tse sireletsang terata, lintho tsa ho bapala, li-bumper tsa koloi, likhoele, metjhini e hlatsoang, joalo-joalo.
4. Polystyrene (PS, Polystyrene) le Kresin
Likarolo: theko e tlase, letsoalo le tlase, pepeneneng, botsitso ba sebopeho, ho hanyetsa mahlaseli (sterilization).
PS ke mofuta oa polasetiki oa bobeli feela ho polyvinyl chloride le polyethylene.Hangata e sebetsoa le ho sebelisoa e le polasetiki e nang le karolo e le 'ngoe.Likarolo tsa eona tsa mantlha ke boima bo bobebe, pepeneneng, ho daea habonolo, le ts'ebetso e ntle ea ho bopa.Likarolo tsa motlakase, lisebelisoa tsa optical le thepa ea setso le thuto.Sebopeho se thata ebile se brittle, 'me se na le coefficient e phahameng ea katoloso ea mocheso, kahoo e fokotsa tšebeliso ea eona ho boenjiniere.Lilemong tse mashome tsa morao tjena, li-polystyrene tse fetotsoeng le li-styrene-based copolymers li 'nile tsa ntlafatsoa ho hlōla mefokolo ea polystyrene ho isa tekanyong e itseng.K resin ke e 'ngoe ea tsona.
Kresin e thehoa ke copolymerization ea styrene le butadiene.Ke polymer ea amorphous, e bonaletsang, e se nang monko, e se nang chefo, e nang le letsoalo la hoo e ka bang 1.01g/cm3 (ka tlase ho PS le AS), le ho hanyetsa tšusumetso e phahameng ho feta PS., pepeneneng (80-90%) e ntle, mocheso oa mocheso oa mocheso ke 77 ℃, ke bokae butadiene e fupereng thepa ea K, 'me ho thatafala ha eona ho boetse ho fapane, hobane thepa ea K e na le metsi a mangata le mocheso o pharaletseng oa ho sebetsa. kahoo ts'ebetso ea eona e ntle ea ts'ebetso.
Tšebeliso ea Crystalline Polystyrene: Lijana tsa laboratori, lijana tsa petri le li-tissue, lisebelisoa tsa ho hema le linkho tse monyang.
Tšebeliso ea Polystyrene e nang le Tšusumetso e Phahameng: Literene tsa catheter, lipompo tsa pelo, li-dural tray, lisebelisoa tsa ho hema le linoelo tse monyang.
Tšebeliso ea mantlha bophelong ba letsatsi le letsatsi e kenyelletsa linoelo, likoahelo, libotlolo, liphutheloana tsa litlolo, li-hangers, lintho tsa ho bapala, lihlahisoa tse nkang sebaka sa PVC, ho paka lijo le lisebelisoa tsa ho paka tsa bongaka, jj.
5. Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymers (ABS, Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene copolymers)
Likarolo: E thata, e nang le ts'ebetso e matla ea ho hanyetsa, khanyetso, botsitso ba sebopeho, joalo-joalo, e thibelang mongobo, e thibela ho bola, ho bonolo ho e sebetsa, le phetiso e ntle ea leseli.Ts'ebeliso ea bongaka ea ABS e sebelisoa haholo e le lisebelisoa tsa ho buoa, likotoana tsa rolara, linale tsa polasetiki, mabokose a lisebelisoa, lisebelisoa tsa tlhahlobo le matlo a thusang ho utloa, haholo-holo matlo a lisebelisoa tse ling tse kholo tsa bongaka.
6. Polycarbonate (PC, Polycarbonate)
Likarolo: Matla a matle, matla, ho tiea le ho thibela mocheso ho thibela mocheso, pepeneneng e phahameng.E loketse ho bōptjoa ha ente, welding le mekhoa e meng ea ho bōpa, e atisang ho ba le khatello ea kelello.
Litšobotsi tsena li etsa hore PC e khethehe e le li-filters tsa hemodialysis, lisebelisoa tsa ho buoa le litanka tsa oksijene (ha ho buuoa ka pelo ea ho buuoa, sesebelisoa sena se ka tlosa carbon dioxide maling le ho eketsa oksijene);
Lits'ebetso tsa bongaka tsa li-PC li boetse li kenyelletsa lits'ebetso tsa ente tse se nang nale, lisebelisoa tsa perfusion, matlo a fapaneng, likhokahano, maqhama a lisebelisoa tsa ho buoa, litanka tsa oksijene, likotlolo tsa mali a centrifuge, le lipiston.Ho nka monyetla ka ponahalo ea eona e phahameng, likhalase tse tloaelehileng tsa myopia li entsoe ka PC.
7. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE, Polytetrafluoroethylene)
Likarolo: kristale e phahameng, ho hanyetsa mocheso o motle, botsitso bo phahameng ba lik'hemik'hale, acid e matla le alkali le li-solvents tse sa tšoaneng tsa manyolo ha li amehe ho eona.E na le biocompatibility e ntle le ho feto-fetoha ha mali, ha e na tšenyo ea 'mele oa motho, ha e na karabelo e mpe ha e kenngoa 'meleng, e ka etsoa sterilized mocheso o phahameng,' me e loketse ho sebelisoa lefapheng la bongaka.
PTFE resin ke phofo e tšoeu e nang le ponahalo ea boka, e boreleli ebile e sa khomarela, 'me ke polasetiki ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa.PTFE e na le ts'ebetso e babatsehang, e ke keng ea bapisoa le thermoplastics e tloaelehileng, kahoo e tsejoa e le "King of Plastics".Hobane coefficient ea eona ea likhohlano ke e tlase ka ho fetisisa har'a li-plastiki 'me e na le biocompatibility e ntle, e ka etsoa methapo ea mali ea maiketsetso le lisebelisoa tse ling tse kenngoeng ka ho toba' meleng oa motho.
Lisebelisoa: Mefuta eohle ea trachea ea maiketsetso, esophagus, bile duct, urethra, peritoneum ea maiketsetso, mater a boko, letlalo la maiketsetso, lesapo la maiketsetso, joalo-joalo.
8. Polyether ether ketone (PEEK, Poly ether ether ketones)
Likarolo: ho hanyetsa mocheso, ho hanyetsa mokhathala, ho hanyetsa mokhathala, ho hanyetsa mahlaseli, ho hanyetsa ho bola, ho hanyetsa hydrolysis, boima bo bobebe, ho itšeha hantle, le ts'ebetso e ntle ea ts'ebetso.E khona ho mamella autoclaving khafetsa.
Litšebeliso: E ka nkela tšepe sebakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa ho buoa le tsa meno, 'me ea nkela li-alloys tsa titanium ha ho etsoa masapo a maiketsetso.
(Lisebelisoa tsa tšepe li ka baka litšoantšo tse entsoeng ka matsoho kapa tsa ama boemo ba ngaka nakong ea opereishene e sa hlaseheng haholo. PEEK e thata joalo ka tšepe e sa hloekang, empa e ke ke ea hlahisa lintho tsa khale.)
9. Polyamide (PA Polyamide) eo hangata e tsejoang e le nylon, (Nylon)
Likarolo: E na le ho feto-fetoha ha maemo, ho hanyetsa ho kobeha, ho tiea ho hoholo ebile ha ho bonolo ho robeha, ho hanyetsa letlapa la lik'hemik'hale le ho hanyetsa abrasion.Ha e lokolle lintho tse kotsi 'me kahoo ha e bake ho ruruha ha letlalo kapa lisele.
Lisebelisoa: Li-Hose, Lihokelo, Li-adapter, Pistons.
10. Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU)
Likarolo: E na le ponaletso e ntle, matla a phahameng le ts'ebetso ea ho taboha, ho hanyetsa lik'hemik'hale le ho hanyetsa abrasion;mefuta e mengata ea boima, bokaholimo bo boreleli, anti-fungal le microorganism, le ho hanyetsa metsi a mangata.
Litšebeliso: li-catheter tsa bongaka, limaske tsa oksijene, lipelo tsa maiketsetso, lisebelisoa tsa ho lokolla lithethefatsi, lihokelo tsa IV, mekotlana ea rabara bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa ho hlahloba khatello ea mali, maqeba a maqeba bakeng sa tsamaiso e kantle ho letlalo.
Nako ea poso: Dec-09-2023