Izvo zvinodikanwa zvemapurasitiki ekurapa kugadzikana kwemakemikari uye kuchengetedzwa kwebiological, nekuti ivo vanozosangana nemishonga kana muviri wemunhu.Izvo zviri mumidziyo yepurasitiki hazvigone kuiswa mumushonga wemvura kana mumuviri wemunhu, hazvizokonzerese huturu uye kukuvadzwa kwematishu uye nhengo, uye hazvina chepfu uye hazvikuvadze kumuviri wemunhu.Kuti ive nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa kwebhaibheri kwemapurasitiki ekurapa, mapurasitiki ekurapa anowanzo kutengeswa pamusika akapasa chitupa uye kuyedzwa kwevakuru vezvokurapa, uye vashandisi vanoziviswa zvakajeka kuti ndeapi mabhureki egiredhi rekurapa.
Zvishandiso zvepurasitiki zvekurapa zvinowanzo shandiswa polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyamide (PA), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polycarbonate (PC), polystyrene (PS), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), nezvimwewo, PVC uye PE account yehuwandu hukuru, inoverengera 28% uye 24% zvakateerana;PS inoverengera 18%;PP inotora 16%;engineering mapurasitiki anoita 14%.
Izvi zvinotevera zvinosuma mapurasitiki anowanzoshandiswa mukurapa.
1. Polyethylene (PE, Polyethylene)
Zvimiro: Kugadzikana kwemakemikari yakakwirira, yakanaka biocompatibility, asi haisi nyore kusungira.
PE ndiyo purasitiki-yechinangwa chepurasitiki ine yakakura kubuda.Iyo ine mabhenefiti ekuita kwakanaka kwekugadzirisa, mutengo wakaderera, usiri muchetura uye usinganakidze, uye yakanaka biocompatibility.
PE inonyanya kusanganisira yakaderera-density polyethylene (LDPE), yakakwirira-density polyethylene (HDPE) uye Ultra-yakakwirira molecular uremu polyethylene (UHMWPE) uye mamwe marudzi.UHMWPE (ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene) ipurasitiki yakakosha yeinjiniya ine yakanyanya kusimba kuramba, yakasimba kupfeka kuramba (korona yemapurasitiki), diki friction coefficient, biological inertness uye yakanaka yekunyudza simba.Kupokana kwayo kwemakemikari kunogona kuenzaniswa neKuenzaniswa nePTFE.
General zvivakwa zvinosanganisira yakakwirira mechanical simba, ductility uye melting nzvimbo.Density polyethylene ine kunyungudika kwe1200°C kusvika 1800°C, ukuwo low density polyethylene ine 1200°C kusvika 1800°C.Polyethylene ipurasitiki yepamusoro yekurapa-giredhi nekuda kwekuita kwayo mutengo-kushanda, kukanganisa kupikisa, kusaita ngura, uye kusimba kwechimiro chakasimba kuburikidza neanogara achiitwa sterilization.Nekuda kwekuve biologically inert uye isingaparare mumuviri
Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) Zvishandiso: Kurongedza zvekurapa uye IV midziyo.
High-density polyethylene (HDPE) inoshandisa: yekugadzira urethra, mapapu ekugadzira, trachea yakagadzirwa, yero yero, itsvo yakagadzirwa, pfupa rekugadzira, orthopedic kugadzirisa zvinhu.
Ultra-yakakwirira molecular uremu polyethylene (UHMWPE) Inoshandiswa: mapapu ekugadzira, majoini ekugadzira, nezvimwe.
2. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC, Polyvinyl chloride)
Zvimiro: mutengo wakaderera, yakafara application renji, nyore kugadzirisa, yakanaka makemikari kuramba, asi kuderera kwemafuta kugadzikana.
PVC resin poda ichena kana yakareruka yero poda, yakachena PVC ine atactic, yakaoma uye brittle, isingawanzo shandiswa.Zvinoenderana nezvinangwa zvakasiyana, zvinowedzerwa zvakasiyana zvinogona kuwedzerwa kugadzira PVC epurasitiki zvikamu kuratidza zvakasiyana zvemuviri uye zvemichina zvinhu.Kuwedzera huwandu hwakakodzera hweplasticizer kuPVC resin inogona kugadzira akasiyana ezvakaoma, zvinyoro uye zvakajeka zvigadzirwa.
Iwo maviri akajairwa mafomu ePVC anoshandiswa mukugadzira mapurasitiki ekurapa anochinjika PVC uye yakasimba PVC.Rigid PVC haina kana kuti ine diki diki yeplasticizer, ine yakanaka tensile, kukotama, compressive uye kukanganisa kuramba zvivakwa, uye inogona kushandiswa sechinhu chega chega.Yakapfava PVC ine mamwe maplasticizers, kupfava kwayo, kurebesa panguva yekuzorora, uye kutonhora kuramba kunowedzera, asi brittleness, kuoma kwayo, uye kusimba kwayo kuderera.Kuwanda kwePVC yakachena ndeye 1.4g/cm3, uye kuwanda kwezvikamu zvePVC zvepurasitiki zvine mapurasitiki nemafirita kazhinji ari muchikamu che1.15 ~ 2.00g/cm3.
Zvinoenderana nefungidziro isina kukwana, inenge 25% yezvigadzirwa zvepurasitiki zvekurapa ndeyePVC.Kunyanya nekuda kwemutengo wakaderera weresin, huwandu hwakawanda hwekushandisa, uye nyore kugadzirisa.Zvigadzirwa zvePVC zvekushandisa pakurapa zvinosanganisira: hemodialysis tubing, masks ekufema, machubhu eokisijeni, catheter yemwoyo, zvigadzirwa zveprosthetic, mabhegi eropa, artificial peritoneum, nezvimwe.
3. Polypropylene (PP, polypropylene)
Zvimiro: isina-chepfu, isina kunaka, yakanaka mechanical properties, kugadzikana kwemakemikari uye kupisa kupisa.Kuvhara kwakanaka, kunyura kwemvura kwakadzika, kumira kwakanaka kwesolvent, kuramba kwemafuta, kushomeka kweasidhi, kushomeka kwealkali kuramba, kuumbwa kwakanaka, hapana dambudziko rekupwanya kwezvakatipoteredza.PP ndeye thermoplastic ine mashandiro akanaka.Iyo ine mabhenefiti eiyo diki chaiyo giravhiti (0.9g/cm3), nyore kugadzirisa, kukanganisa kupikisa, kuchinjika kuramba, uye yakakwirira kunyungudika (inenge 1710C).Iyo ine huwandu hwakasiyana hwekushandisa muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva, pp molding shrinkage rate yakakura, uye kugadzirwa kwezvakakora zvigadzirwa kunowanzo kune hurema.Iyo yepamusoro ine inert uye yakaoma kudhinda uye kubatanidza.Inogona kubudiswa, jekiseni kuumbwa, welded, foamed, thermoformed, machined.
Medical PP ine kujeka kwakanyanya, yakanaka chipingamupinyi uye neradiation kuramba, zvichiita kuti ishandiswe zvakanyanya mumidziyo yekurapa uye maindasitiri ekurongedza.Iyo Isiri-PVC zvinhu ine PP semuviri mukuru inotsiva iyo inoshandiswa zvakanyanya PVC zvinhu parizvino.
Zvishandiso: Majekiseni anoraswa, zvibatanidza, mapurasitiki akajeka anovhara, mashanga, parenteral nutrition packaging, dialysis mafirimu.
Mamwe maindasitiri anosanganisira mabhegi akarukwa, mafirimu, mabhokisi ekuchinja, waya ekudzivirira zvinhu, matoyi, mabhampa emota, mafiibhi, michina yekuwachisa, nezvimwe.
4. Polystyrene (PS, Polystyrene) uye Kresin
Zvimiro: yakaderera mutengo, yakaderera density, pachena, dimensional kugadzikana, nemwaranzi kuramba (sterilization).
PS ipurasitiki yakasiyana-siyana yechipiri chete kune polyvinyl chloride uye polyethylene.Inowanzogadziriswa uye inoshandiswa sechinhu chimwe chete chepurasitiki.Hukuru hwayo huremu huremu, kujeka, kudhaya nyore, uye kuita kwakanaka kwekuumba.Zvikamu zvemagetsi, zviridzwa zvemaziso uye zvetsika uye zvekudzidzisa.Mamiriro acho akaoma uye ane brittle, uye ane yakakwira coefficient yekuwedzera kwekupisa, nekudaro ichidzikamisa kushandiswa kwayo muinjiniya.Mumakumi emakore achangopfuura, yakagadziridzwa polystyrene uye styrene-based copolymers yakagadziridzwa kukurira kukanganisa kwepolystyrene kune imwe nhanho.K resin mumwe wavo.
Kresin inoumbwa ne copolymerization ye styrene uye butadiene.Iyo amorphous polymer, yakajeka, isina kunhuhwirira, isiri-chepfu, ine density inosvika 1.01g/cm3 (yakaderera pane PS uye AS), uye yakakwirira mhedzisiro kuramba kupfuura PS., kujeka (80-90%) kwakanaka, kupisa kwekushisa kwekushisa i77 ℃, yakawanda sei butadiene iri muK zvinhu, uye kuoma kwayo kwakasiyanawo, nokuti K zvinhu zvine mvura yakanaka uye yakakura yekugadzirisa tembiricha yakasiyana, saka its Good processing performance.
Crystalline Polystyrene Inoshandiswa: Murabhoritari, petri uye tishu tsika ndiro, midziyo yekufema uye zvirongo zvekuyamwa.
Yakakwira Impact Polystyrene Mashandisiro: Catheter tireyi, pombi dzemwoyo, dural tray, midziyo yekufema, uye makapu ekuyamwa.
Kunyanya kushandiswa muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva kunosanganisira makapu, zvivharo, mabhodhoro, zvizorwa kurongedza, hangers, matoyi, PVC chinotsiva zvigadzirwa, kurongedza chikafu uye zvekurapa zvekurongedza, nezvimwe.
5. Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymers (ABS, Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene copolymers)
Zvimiro: Zvakaoma, zvine simba rekuita kuramba, kukwenya kuramba, kugadzikana kwedimensional, nezvimwewo, hunyoro-huchapupu, husingaparare, husingaregi kugadzirisa, uye kutapurirana kwakanaka kwechiedza.Kushandiswa kwekurapa kweABS kunonyanya kushandiswa sematurusi ekuvhiya, ma roller clip, tsono dzepurasitiki, mabhokisi emidziyo, midziyo yekuongorora uye dzimba dzekubatsira kunzwa, kunyanya dzimba dzemimwe michina mikuru yekurapa.
6. Polycarbonate (PC, Polycarbonate)
Zvimiro: Kusimba kwakanaka, kusimba, kuomarara uye kupisa-inodzivirira kupisa sterilization, kujeka kwakanyanya.Inokodzera jekiseni kuumba, welding uye mamwe maitiro ekuumba, anowanzo kushushikana nekupwanya.
Aya maitiro anoita kuti PC ifarirwe sehemodialysis filters, kuvhiya midziyo inobata uye matangi eokisijeni (kana mukuvhiya mwoyo wekuvhiya, chiridzwa ichi chinogona kubvisa carbon dioxide muropa uye kuwedzera oksijeni);
Zvishandiso zvekurapa zvePC zvinosanganisirawo masisitimu ejekiseni asina-tsono, zviridzwa zveperfusion, dzimba dzakasiyana siyana, zvinobatanidza, zvibatiso zvekuvhiya, matangi eokisijeni, ndiro dzeropa, uye piston.Kutora mukana wekujeka kwayo kwepamusoro, iwo akajairwa myopia magirazi anogadzirwa nePC.
7. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE, Polytetrafluoroethylene)
Zvimiro: high crystallinity, yakanaka yekudzivirira kupisa, kugadzikana kwemakemikari, yakasimba asidhi uye alkali uye zvakasiyana-siyana zvinonyungudutsa zvehupenyu hazvikanganisi nazvo.Iyo ine yakanaka biocompatibility uye kuchinjika kweropa, haina kukuvadzwa kufiziology yemunhu, hapana kuita kwakashata kana yadyarwa mumuviri, inogona kuomeswa pakupisa kwakanyanya, uye yakakodzera kushandiswa munharaunda yekurapa.
PTFE resin ipfu chena ine waxy kutaridzika, yakatsetseka uye isina kunamira, uye ndiyo inonyanya kukosha purasitiki.PTFE ine kuita kwakanakisa, iyo isingaenzaniswi neyakajairika thermoplastics, saka inozivikanwa se "Mambo wePlastiki".Nekuda kwekuti coefficient yayo yekukwesha ndiyo yakaderera pakati pemapurasitiki uye ine biocompatibility yakanaka, inogona kugadzirwa kuita tsinga dzeropa dzekugadzira uye zvimwe zvishandiso zvakaiswa zvakananga mumuviri wemunhu.
Zvishandiso: Ese marudzi eartificial trachea, esophagus, bile duct, urethra, artificial peritoneum, brain dura mater, ganda rekugadzira, pfupa rekugadzira, nezvimwe.
8. Polyether ether ketone (PEEK, Poly ether ether ketones)
Zvimiro: kupikisa kupisa, kuramba kupera, kuramba kuneta, kuramba nemwaranzi, kusaonda kwemarara, hydrolysis kuramba, huremu huremu, kuzvidzora kwakanaka, uye kuita kwakanaka kwekugadzirisa.Inogona kumira yakadzokororwa autoclaving.
Zvishandiso: Inogona kutsiva simbi muzviridzwa zvekuvhiya nemazino, uye kutsiva titanium alloys mukugadzira mapfupa ekugadzira.
(Midziyo yesimbi inogona kukonzera kugadzirwa kwemifananidzo kana kukanganisa maonero achiremba panguva yekuvhiyiwa kwekiriniki kusiri nyore. PEEK yakaoma sesimbi isina simbi, asi haiburitse zvigadzirwa.)
9. Polyamide (PA Polyamide) inowanzo zivikanwa senaironi, (Naironi)
Zvimiro: Iyo ine kuchinjika, kukotama kuramba, kusimba kwakanyanya uye haisi nyore kutyora, kemikari piritsi rekudzivirira uye abrasion kuramba.Haibudisi chero zvinhu zvinokuvadza uye saka haikonzeri ganda kana matishu kuzvimba.
Zvishandiso: Hoses, Connectors, Adapters, Pistons.
10. Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU)
Zvimiro: Iine kujeka kwakanaka, simba rakawanda uye kubvarura kuita, makemikari kuramba uye abrasion kuramba;kuomarara kwakasiyana-siyana, nzvimbo yakatsetseka, anti-fungal uye microorganism, uye yakakwirira yemvura.
Zvishandiso: makateta ekurapa, masks eokisijeni, moyo yemanyepo, midziyo yekuburitsa zvinodhaka, IV zvinongedzo, homwe dzerabha dzemamonitor eBP, machira ekupfeka ekunze.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-09-2023