Zomwe zimafunikira pamapulasitiki azachipatala ndikukhazikika kwamankhwala komanso chitetezo chachilengedwe, chifukwa amalumikizana ndi mankhwala kapena thupi la munthu.Zomwe zili muzinthu zapulasitiki sizingalowe mu mankhwala amadzimadzi kapena m'thupi la munthu, sizingayambitse poizoni ndi kuwonongeka kwa minofu ndi ziwalo, ndipo sizowopsa komanso zopanda vuto kwa thupi la munthu.Pofuna kuonetsetsa chitetezo chachilengedwe cha mapulasitiki azachipatala, mapulasitiki azachipatala omwe nthawi zambiri amagulitsidwa pamsika adutsa chiphaso ndi kuyesa kwa akuluakulu azachipatala, ndipo ogwiritsa ntchito amadziwitsidwa momveka bwino kuti ndi mitundu iti yachipatala.
Zida zamapulasitiki zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyamide (PA), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polycarbonate (PC), polystyrene (PS), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), etc., PVC ndi PE zimawerengera ndalama zambiri, zomwe zimawerengera 28% ndi 24% motsatana;PS amawerengera 18%;PP ndi 16%;mapulasitiki a engineering amawerengera 14%.
Zotsatirazi zikuwonetsa mapulasitiki omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pachipatala.
1. Polyethylene (PE, Polyethylene)
Mawonekedwe: Kukhazikika kwamankhwala, biocompatibility yabwino, koma sikophweka kumangiriza.
PE ndiye pulasitiki yogwiritsidwa ntchito wamba yokhala ndi zotulutsa zazikulu kwambiri.Ili ndi zabwino zake pakukonza bwino, mtengo wotsika, wopanda poizoni komanso wopanda kukoma, komanso kuyanjana kwabwino kwachilengedwe.
PE makamaka imaphatikizapo polyethylene yotsika kwambiri (LDPE), polyethylene yapamwamba kwambiri (HDPE) ndi polyethylene yapamwamba kwambiri (UHMWPE) ndi mitundu ina.UHMWPE (ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene) ndi pulasitiki wapadera waumisiri wokhala ndi kukana kwakukulu, kukana kuvala mwamphamvu (korona wa mapulasitiki), kugundana kocheperako, kusakhazikika kwachilengedwe komanso mawonekedwe abwino amayamwidwe amphamvu.Kukana kwake kwamankhwala kumatha kufananizidwa ndi Kuyerekeza ndi PTFE.
Zinthu zambiri zimaphatikizapo mphamvu zamakina apamwamba, ductility ndi malo osungunuka.Kachulukidwe polyethylene imakhala ndi malo osungunuka a 1200 ° C mpaka 1800 ° C, pamene polyethylene yotsika kwambiri imakhala ndi malo osungunuka a 1200 ° C mpaka 1800 ° C.Polyethylene ndi pulasitiki yapamwamba kwambiri yachipatala chifukwa cha kukwera mtengo kwake, kukana kukhudzidwa, kukana dzimbiri, komanso kukhulupirika kwake pamapangidwe kudzera pakutsekereza pafupipafupi.Chifukwa cha kukhala ndi biologically inert komanso osawonongeka m'thupi
Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) Ntchito: Kuyika zachipatala ndi zotengera za IV.
High-density polyethylene (HDPE) amagwiritsa ntchito: mkodzo wochita kupanga, mapapo opangira, trachea yochita kupanga, larynx yopangira, impso zopangira, fupa lopanga, zipangizo zokonza mafupa.
Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) Ntchito: mapapo opangira, mafupa opangira, etc.
2. Polyvinyl kolorayidi (PVC, Polyvinyl kolorayidi)
Mawonekedwe: otsika mtengo, ntchito zosiyanasiyana, kukonza kosavuta, kukana kwamankhwala abwino, koma kusakhazikika kwamafuta.
PVC utomoni ufa ndi woyera kapena kuwala chikasu ufa, koyera PVC ndi atactic, olimba ndi brittle, kawirikawiri ntchito.Malinga ndi zolinga zosiyanasiyana, zowonjezera zowonjezera zitha kuwonjezeredwa kuti zipangitse zigawo zapulasitiki za PVC ziziwonetsa zinthu zosiyanasiyana zakuthupi komanso zamakina.Kuonjezera kuchuluka koyenera kwa plasticizer ku utomoni wa PVC kumatha kupanga zinthu zosiyanasiyana zolimba, zofewa komanso zowonekera.
Mitundu iwiri ya PVC yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mapulasitiki azachipatala ndi PVC yosinthika ndi PVC yolimba.PVC yolimba ilibe kapena imakhala ndi pulasitiki pang'ono, imakhala ndi mphamvu yabwino, yopindika, yopondereza komanso yokana, ndipo imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chomangira chokha.PVC yofewa imakhala ndi mapulasitiki ochulukirapo, kufewa kwake, kutalika kwake panthawi yopuma, komanso kukana kuzizira kumawonjezeka, koma kulimba kwake, kuuma kwake, ndi mphamvu zake zimachepa.Kuchulukana kwa PVC yoyera ndi 1.4g/cm3, ndipo kachulukidwe ka zigawo zapulasitiki za PVC zokhala ndi mapulasitiki ndi zodzaza nthawi zambiri zimakhala za 1.15 ~ 2.00g/cm3.
Malinga ndi kuyerekezera kosakwanira, pafupifupi 25% yazinthu zapulasitiki zachipatala ndi PVC.Makamaka chifukwa cha mtengo wotsika wa utomoni, ntchito zosiyanasiyana, komanso kukonza kosavuta.PVC mankhwala ntchito zachipatala monga: hemodialysis chubu, kupuma masks, machubu mpweya, catheters mtima, zipangizo prosthetic, matumba magazi, yokumba peritoneum, etc.
3. Polypropylene (PP, polypropylene)
Zomwe zili: zopanda poizoni, zopanda pake, zabwino zamakina, kukhazikika kwamankhwala komanso kukana kutentha.Kusungunula kwabwino, kuyamwa kwamadzi otsika, kukana bwino kwa zosungunulira, kukana mafuta, kulimba kwa asidi, kukana kwa alkali, kuumba kwabwino, palibe vuto losokoneza chilengedwe.PP ndi thermoplastic yokhala ndi ntchito yabwino kwambiri.Ili ndi ubwino wa mphamvu yokoka yaying'ono (0.9g / cm3), kukonzedwa kosavuta, kukana mphamvu, kukana kusinthasintha, ndi malo osungunuka kwambiri (pafupifupi 1710C).Ili ndi ntchito zambiri m'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, pp kuumba shrinkage rate ndi yayikulu, ndipo kupanga zinthu zonenepa kumakhala kosavuta.Pamwamba ndi inert ndi zovuta kusindikiza ndi kugwirizana.Itha kutulutsidwa, kupangidwa jekeseni, kuwotcherera, thovu, thermoformed, makina.
Medical PP imakhala yowonekera kwambiri, chotchinga chabwino komanso kukana kwa radiation, ndikupangitsa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale onyamula katundu ndi zida zamankhwala.Zinthu Zosagwirizana ndi PVC zomwe zili ndi PP monga thupi lalikulu ndizolowa m'malo mwazinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakalipano.
Ntchito: ma syringe otayika, zolumikizira, zovundikira zapulasitiki zowonekera, udzu, zopangira zakudya za makolo, mafilimu a dialysis.
Mafakitale ena amaphatikiza zikwama zoluka, mafilimu, mabokosi ogulitsira, zida zotchingira waya, zoseweretsa, mabampa amgalimoto, ulusi, makina ochapira, ndi zina zambiri.
4. Polystyrene (PS, Polystyrene) ndi Kresin
Mawonekedwe: otsika mtengo, otsika kachulukidwe, owonekera, kukhazikika kwazithunzi, kukana kwa radiation (kutsekereza).
PS ndi mtundu wa pulasitiki wachiwiri kuchokera ku polyvinyl chloride ndi polyethylene.Nthawi zambiri amakonzedwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati pulasitiki yokhala ndi gawo limodzi.Zinthu zake zazikulu ndi kulemera kopepuka, kuwonekera, utoto wosavuta, komanso kuumba kwabwino.Zida zamagetsi, zida za kuwala ndi chikhalidwe ndi maphunziro.Maonekedwe ake ndi olimba komanso osasunthika, ndipo ali ndi mphamvu yowonjezera yowonjezera kutentha, motero amalepheretsa ntchito yake mu engineering.M'zaka makumi angapo zapitazi, ma polystyrene osinthidwa ndi ma styrene-based copolymers apangidwa kuti athe kuthana ndi zofooka za polystyrene pamlingo wina.K utomoni ndi mmodzi wa iwo.
Kresin amapangidwa ndi copolymerization wa styrene ndi butadiene.Ndi polima amorphous, yowonekera, yopanda fungo, yopanda poizoni, yokhala ndi kachulukidwe pafupifupi 1.01g/cm3 (yotsika kuposa PS ndi AS), komanso kukana kwambiri kuposa PS., transparency (80-90%) ndi yabwino, kutentha kupotoza kutentha ndi 77 ℃, kuchuluka kwa butadiene komwe kuli mu K zakuthupi, komanso kuuma kwake kumasiyananso, chifukwa zinthu za K zimakhala ndi madzi abwino komanso kutentha kwakukulu kwa kutentha, kotero ntchito yake Yabwino processing.
Crystalline Polystyrene Ntchito: Laboratoryware, petri ndi minofu chikhalidwe mbale, zipangizo kupuma ndi mitsuko kuyamwa.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Polystyrene Kwambiri: Ma tray a catheter, mapampu amtima, ma tray apakati, zida zopumira, ndi makapu oyamwa.
Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku zimaphatikizapo makapu, zivindikiro, mabotolo, zodzikongoletsera, zopalira, zoseweretsa, zinthu zolowa m'malo mwa PVC, zonyamula zakudya ndi zonyamula zamankhwala, ndi zina zambiri.
5. Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymers (ABS, Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene copolymers)
Mawonekedwe: Olimba, olimba kukana, kukana zikande, kukhazikika kwa mawonekedwe, ndi zina zambiri, kutsimikizira chinyezi, kusachita dzimbiri, kosavuta kukonza, komanso kufalikira kwabwino kwa kuwala.Kugwiritsa ntchito kwachipatala kwa ABS kumagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ngati zida zopangira opaleshoni, zodzigudubuza, singano zapulasitiki, mabokosi a zida, zida zowunikira komanso nyumba zothandizira kumva, makamaka nyumba zazida zazikulu zamankhwala.
6. Polycarbonate (PC, Polycarbonate)
Mawonekedwe: Kulimba kwabwino, mphamvu, kukhazikika komanso kusagwira kutentha kwa nthunzi, kuwonekera kwambiri.Oyenera jekeseni akamaumba, kuwotcherera ndi njira zina akamaumba, sachedwa kupsinjika ang'onoang'ono.
Makhalidwewa amachititsa kuti PC ikhale yokondedwa monga zosefera za hemodialysis, zida zopangira opaleshoni ndi matanki a okosijeni (pamene mukuchita opaleshoni ya mtima, chida ichi chikhoza kuchotsa carbon dioxide m'magazi ndikuwonjezera mpweya);
Mapulogalamu azachipatala a PC amaphatikizanso ma jakisoni opanda singano, zida zothira mafuta, nyumba zosiyanasiyana, zolumikizira, zogwirira ntchito, matanki a okosijeni, mbale za centrifuge zamagazi, ndi ma pistoni.Pogwiritsa ntchito kuwonekera kwake kwakukulu, magalasi a myopia amapangidwa ndi PC.
7. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE, Polytetrafluoroethylene)
Mawonekedwe: crystallinity yapamwamba, kukana kutentha kwabwino, kukhazikika kwa mankhwala, asidi amphamvu ndi alkali ndi zosungunulira zosiyanasiyana za organic sizimakhudzidwa nazo.Ili ndi biocompatibility yabwino komanso kusinthasintha kwa magazi, palibe kuwonongeka kwa thupi la munthu, palibe choyipa ikayikidwa m'thupi, imatha kutsekedwa ndi kutentha kwambiri, ndipo ndiyoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'chipatala.
PTFE resin ndi ufa woyera wokhala ndi maonekedwe a waxy, osalala komanso osamata, ndipo ndi pulasitiki yofunikira kwambiri.PTFE ili ndi ntchito zabwino kwambiri, zomwe sizingafanane ndi thermoplastics wamba, choncho imadziwika kuti "King of Plastics".Chifukwa coefficient of friction yake ndi yotsika kwambiri pakati pa mapulasitiki ndipo imakhala ndi biocompatibility yabwino, imatha kupangidwa kukhala mitsempha yamagazi ndi zida zina zomwe zimayikidwa mwachindunji m'thupi la munthu.
Ntchito: Mitundu yonse ya trachea yokumba, kum'mero, ndulu, urethra, yokumba peritoneum, ubongo dura mater, khungu yokumba, fupa yokumba, etc.
8. Polyether ether ketone (PEEK, Polyether ether ketones)
Mawonekedwe: kukana kutentha, kukana kuvala, kukana kutopa, kukana ma radiation, kukana dzimbiri, kukana kwa hydrolysis, kulemera kopepuka, kudzipaka bwino, komanso kukonza bwino.Itha kupirira autoclaving mobwerezabwereza.
Ntchito: Imatha kulowa m'malo mwazitsulo mu zida zopangira opaleshoni ndi mano, ndikusintha ma aloyi a titaniyamu popanga mafupa ochita kupanga.
(Zida zachitsulo zimatha kupanga zithunzi zakale kapena kukhudza momwe dokotala amaonera maopaleshoni omwe sangachitike nthawi zambiri. PEEK ndi yolimba ngati chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, koma sipanga zinthu zakale.)
9. Polyamide (PA Polyamide) yomwe imadziwika kuti nayiloni, (Nayiloni)
Mawonekedwe: Imakhala ndi kusinthasintha, kukana kupindika, kulimba kwambiri komanso kosavuta kuthyoka, kukana kwa piritsi la mankhwala ndi kukana abrasion.Simamasula zinthu zovulaza ndipo motero sizimayambitsa kutupa kwa khungu kapena minofu.
Ntchito: Hoses, zolumikizira, Adapter, Pistoni.
10. Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU)
Mawonekedwe: Ili ndi kuwonekera bwino, mphamvu yayikulu komanso kung'ambika, kukana kwamankhwala ndi kukana abrasion;osiyanasiyana kuuma, pamwamba yosalala, odana ndi mafangasi ndi tizilombo, ndi mkulu kukana madzi.
Ntchito: ma catheter azachipatala, masks okosijeni, mtima wochita kupanga, zida zotulutsira mankhwala, zolumikizira IV, matumba amphira owunikira kuthamanga kwa magazi, mavalidwe amabala kuti azitha kuyang'anira kunja.
Nthawi yotumiza: Dec-09-2023