Ihe ndị bụ isi a chọrọ maka plastik ahụike bụ nkwụsi ike nke kemịkal na nchekwa ndu, n'ihi na ha ga-abanye na ọgwụ ma ọ bụ ahụ mmadụ.Ihe ndị dị n'ime ihe ndị dị na plastik enweghị ike ịbanye n'ime ọgwụ mmiri mmiri ma ọ bụ ahụ mmadụ, agaghị eme ka nsị na mmebi nke anụ ahụ na akụkụ ahụ, na-adịghị egbu egbu na adịghị emerụ ahụ mmadụ.Iji hụ na nchekwa ndụ nke plastik ahụike, rọba ọgwụ a na-erekarị n'ahịa agafeela asambodo na nnwale nke ndị ọrụ ahụike, a na-agwakwa ndị ọrụ nke ọma ụdị akara ahụike ahụike.
Ihe eji plastik ọgwụ eme ihe bụ polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyamide (PA), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polycarbonate (PC), polystyrene (PS), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), wdg. Ihe ndekọ PVC na PE maka ego kachasị ukwuu, na-aza 28% na 24% n'otu n'otu;PS na-akpata 18%;PP na-enweta 16%;Injinia plastik nwere ihe ruru 14%.
Ndị na-esonụ na-ewebata plastik ndị a na-ejikarị na ọgwụgwọ ahụike.
1. Polyethylene (PE, Polyethylene)
Atụmatụ: Nkwụsi ike kemịkalụ dị elu, ezigbo biocompatibility, mana ọ dịghị mfe ijikọ.
PE bụ plastik ebumnobi n'ozuzu nke nwere nnukwu mmepụta.Ọ nwere uru nke arụmọrụ nhazi dị mma, ọnụ ala dị ala, na-adịghị egbu egbu na enweghị ụtọ, yana ezigbo biocompatibility.
PE tumadi gụnyere polyethylene dị obere (LDPE), polyethylene dị elu (HDPE) na polyethylene dị arọ ultra-high molecular (UHMWPE) na ụdị ndị ọzọ.UHMWPE (ultra-high molecular arọ polyethylene) bụ plastik injinịa pụrụ iche nwere nguzogide mmetụta dị elu, nguzogide ike siri ike (okpueze rọba), obere ọnụọgụ esemokwu, inertness ndu na ezigbo nnabata ike.Enwere ike iji nguzogide kemịkal ya tụnyere PTFE.
Ngwongwo izugbe gụnyere ike igwe dị elu, ductility na ebe mgbaze.Njupụta polyethylene nwere ebe mgbaze nke 1200°C ruo 1800°C, ebe obere njupụta polyethylene nwere ebe mgbaze nke 1200°C ruo 1800°C.Polyethylene bụ plastik ọkwa ahụike kachasị elu n'ihi uru ọ na-efu, nguzogide mmetụta ya, nguzogide corrosion, yana nguzosi ike n'ezi ihe n'usoro site na usoro ịgba ọgwụ mgbochi ugboro ugboro.N'ihi ịbụ biologically inert na ndị na-adịghị emebi emebi n'ime ahụ
Obere Njupụta Polyethylene (LDPE) Na-eji: Nkwakọ ngwaahịa ahụike na arịa IV.
Polyethylene nwere njupụta dị elu (HDPE) na-eji: urethra wuru, nku ume arụrụ arụ, trachea artificial, larynx artificial, akụrụ arụrụ arụ, ọkpụkpụ arụrụ arụ, ihe ndozi ọkpụkpụ.
Polyethylene dị arọ dị elu dị elu (UHMWPE) na-eji: akpa ume arụ ọrụ, nkwonkwo arụrụ arụ, wdg.
2. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC, Polyvinyl chloride)
Atụmatụ: ọnụ ala dị ala, oke ngwa ngwa, nhazi dị mfe, ezigbo nguzogide kemịkalụ, mana nkwụsi ike okpomọkụ adịghị mma.
PVC resin ntụ ntụ na-acha ọcha ma ọ bụ na-acha odo odo ntụ ntụ, PVC dị ọcha bụ ihe na-adịghị mma, siri ike na kenkuwa, adịkarịghị eji.Dị ka ebumnuche dị iche iche si dị, enwere ike ịgbakwunye ihe mgbakwunye dị iche iche iji mee ka akụkụ plastik PVC gosipụta ihe dị iche iche nke anụ ahụ na igwe.Ịtinye plasticizer kwesịrị ekwesị na resin PVC nwere ike ịmepụta ngwaahịa dị iche iche siri ike, dị nro na nke doro anya.
Ụdị PVC izugbe abụọ a na-eji na-emepụta plastik ahụike bụ PVC na-agbanwe agbanwe na PVC siri ike.PVC siri ike enweghị ma ọ bụ nwee obere plasticizer, nwere ezigbo tensile, na-ehulata, mkpakọ na mmetụta nguzogide mmetụta, enwere ike iji ya dị ka ihe nhazi naanị.PVC dị nro nwere ọtụtụ plasticizers, ịdị nro ya, elongation na nkwụsịtụ, yana nguzogide oyi na-abawanye, mana nrịkasị ahụ, ike siri ike na ike ike na-ebelata.Njupụta nke PVC dị ọcha bụ 1.4g / cm3, na njupụta nke akụkụ plastik PVC nwere ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe na ndị na-ejuputa na-adịkarị na 1.15 ~ 2.00g / cm3.
Dabere na atụmatụ ezughị ezu, ihe dị ka 25% nke ngwaahịa plastik ahụike bụ PVC.tumadi n'ihi na ọnụ ala nke resin, ọtụtụ ngwa ngwa, na nhazi dị mfe.Ngwaahịa PVC maka ngwa ahụike gụnyere: tubing hemodialysis, mkpuchi iku ume, ọkpọkọ oxygen, catheters obi, ihe prosthetic, akpa ọbara, peritoneum artificial, wdg.
3. Polypropylene (PP, polypropylene)
Atụmatụ: ndị na-adịghị egbu egbu, enweghị ụtọ, ihe eji arụ ọrụ dị mma, nkwụsi ike kemịkalụ na nguzogide okpomọkụ.Ihe mkpuchi dị mma, ntinye mmiri dị ala, ihe mgbaze dị mma, nkwụsị mmanụ, nkwụsị acid na-adịghị ike, nkwụsị alkali na-adịghị ike, ịkpụzi dị mma, enweghị nsogbu mgbagwoju anya gburugburu ebe obibi.PP bụ thermoplastic na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma.Ọ nwere uru nke obere ike ndọda (0.9g / cm3), nhazi dị mfe, nkwụsi ike mmetụta, nkwụsị mgbanwe, na nnukwu agbaze (ihe dịka 1710C).Ọ nwere ọtụtụ ngwa na ndụ kwa ụbọchị, pp ịkpụzi shrinkage ọnụego bụ nnukwu, na mmepụta nke thicker ngwaahịa na-adịkarị mfe ntụpọ.N'elu bụ inert na siri ike ibipụta na njikọ.Enwere ike ịpụpụ, ịkpụzi injection, welded, foamed, thermoformed, machined.
Medical PP nwere nghọta dị elu, ihe mgbochi dị mma na nguzogide radieshon, na-eme ka a na-ejikarị ya na ngwá ọrụ ahụike na ụlọ ọrụ nkwakọ ngwaahịa.Ihe na-abụghị PVC nwere PP dị ka isi ahụ bụ ihe nnọchi maka ihe PVC a na-ejikarị eme ihe ugbu a.
Na-eji: sirinji enwere ike ịtụfu, njikọ, mkpuchi rọba transperent, ahịhịa ahịhịa, nkwakọ nri parenteral, ihe nkiri dialysis.
Ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ gụnyere akpa akpara akpa, ihe nkiri, igbe ntụgharị, ihe mkpuchi waya, ihe egwuregwu ụmụaka, ihe mgbochi ụgbọ ala, eriri, igwe ịsa ákwà, wdg.
4. Polystyrene (PS, Polystyrene) na Kresin
Atụmatụ: ọnụ ala dị ala, njupụta dị ala, transperent, nkwụsi ike akụkụ, nguzogide radieshon (sterilization).
PS bụ rọba dị iche iche nke abụọ karịa polyvinyl chloride na polyethylene.A na-edozi ya ma tinye ya n'ọrụ dị ka plastik nwere otu akụkụ.Isi njirimara ya bụ ịdị arọ, nghọta, ịcha agba dị mfe, yana ịrụ ọrụ ịkpụzi nke ọma.Akụkụ eletrik, ngwa anya na akụrụngwa ọdịnala na agụmakwụkwọ.Ụdị ahụ siri ike ma na-agbaji agbaji, ma nwee nnukwu ọnụọgụ nke mgbasawanye thermal, si otú a na-amachi ngwa ya na injinia.N'ime iri afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, agbanweela polystyrene na styrene copolymers iji merie adịghị ike nke polystyrene ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ.K resin bụ otu n'ime ha.
A na-emepụta Kresin site na copolymerization nke styrene na butadiene.Ọ bụ polymer amorphous, transperent, enweghị isi, adịghị egbu egbu, nwere njupụta nke ihe dịka 1.01g / cm3 (dị ala karịa PS na AS), yana nguzogide mmetụta dị elu karịa PS., nghọta (80-90%) dị mma, okpomọkụ distortion okpomọkụ bụ 77 ℃, ole butadiene dị n'ime K ihe, na ike ya dịkwa iche iche, n'ihi na K ihe onwunwe nwere ezi fluidity na a obosara nhazi okpomọkụ nso, ya mere ya Ọma nhazi arụmọrụ.
Crystalline Polystyrene Na-eji: Laboratoryware, nri petri na anụ ahụ, akụrụngwa iku ume na ite mmiri.
Polystyrene nwere mmetụta dị elu na-eji: trays catheter, nfuli obi, trays na-ada ada, akụrụngwa iku ume, na iko mmiri.
Ihe ndị a na-ejikarị eme ihe na ndụ kwa ụbọchị gụnyere iko, mkpuchi, karama, nkwakọ ngwaahịa ịchọ mma, hangers, ihe ụmụaka ji egwuri egwu, ngwaahịa ihe eji dochie anya PVC, nkwakọ nri na ngwongwo ọgwụ, wdg.
5. Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymers (ABS, Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene copolymers)
Atụmatụ: siri ike, na-enwe mmetụta siri ike na-eguzogide, nkwụsị ọkụ, nkwụsi ike akụkụ, wdg, mmiri na-ekpuchi mmiri, na-eguzogide corrosion, dị mfe nhazi, na ezigbo nnyefe ọkụ.A na-eji ngwa ahụike nke ABS eme ihe dị ka ngwa ịwa ahụ, obere vidiyo, agịga rọba, igbe ngwaọrụ, ngwaọrụ nyocha na ebe a na-anụ ihe, ọkachasị ebe obibi nke ụfọdụ nnukwu akụrụngwa ahụike.
6. Polycarbonate (PC, Polycarbonate)
Atụmatụ: Ezi ike, ike, isi ike na ikpo ọkụ na-eguzogide uzuoku, nghọta dị elu.Kwesịrị ekwesị maka ịkpụzi injection, ịgbado ọkụ na usoro ịkpụzi ndị ọzọ, na-enwekarị mgbawa nrụgide.
Njirimara ndị a na-eme ka PC dị ka ihe nzacha hemodialysis, ngwá ọrụ ịwa ahụ na tankị oxygen (mgbe ịwa ahụ obi, ngwá ọrụ a nwere ike wepụ carbon dioxide n'ime ọbara ma mụbaa oxygen);
Ngwa ahụike nke PC na-agụnyekwa sistemu ịgba ọgwụ na-enweghị agịga, ngwa na-esi ísì ụtọ, ụlọ dị iche iche, njikọ njikọ, ihe eji arụ ọrụ ịwa ahụ, tankị oxygen, ọkwá ọbara centrifuge, na pistons.N'iji ohere nke nghọta ya dị elu, a na-eji PC eme enyo myopia na-emekarị.
7. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE, Polytetrafluoroethylene)
Atụmatụ: elu crystallinity, ezigbo okpomọkụ na-eguzogide, elu chemical nkwụsi ike, siri ike acid na alkali na iche iche organic solvents adịghị emetụta ya.Ọ nwere ezigbo biocompatibility na mgbanwe ọbara, ọ dịghị mmebi nke physiology mmadụ, ọ dịghị mmeghachi omume ọjọọ mgbe etinyere ya n'ime ahụ, enwere ike igba ogwu na okpomọkụ dị elu, ọ dịkwa mma maka iji ya na mpaghara ahụike.
PTFE resin bụ ntụ ntụ na-acha ọcha nke nwere ọdịdị waxy, dị nro na nke na-adịghị mma, ọ bụkwa plastik kacha mkpa.PTFE nwere ọmarịcha arụmọrụ, nke na-enweghị atụ site na thermoplastics nkịtị, n'ihi ya, a maara ya dị ka "Eze Plastics".N'ihi na ọnụ ọgụgụ ya nke esemokwu bụ nke kasị ala n'etiti rọba ma nwee ezigbo bioocompatibility, enwere ike ime ya ka ọ bụrụ arịa ọbara arụrụ arụ na ngwaọrụ ndị ọzọ a na-etinye ozugbo n'ime ahụ mmadụ.
Na-eji: ụdị ọ bụla nke trachea artificial, esophagus, bile duct, urethra, peritoneum artificial, ụbụrụ dura mater, akpụkpọ anụ, ọkpụkpụ artificial, wdg.
8. Polyether ether ketone (PEEK, Poly ether ketones)
Atụmatụ: okpomọkụ na-eguzogide, na-eyi na-eguzogide, ike ọgwụgwụ na-eguzogide, radieshon na-eguzogide, corrosion iguzogide, hydrolysis resistance, ìhè arọ, mma onwe mmanu, na ezi nhazi arụmọrụ.Nwere ike iguzogide autoclaving ugboro ugboro.
Na-eji: Ọ nwere ike dochie ọla na ngwa ịwa ahụ na eze, ma dochie alloys titanium n'ịkpụ ọkpụkpụ.
(Ngwa igwe nwere ike ibute ihe onyonyo ma ọ bụ metuta ebe nlele dọkịta na-awa ahụ n'oge ọrụ ịwa ahụ pere mpe. PEEK siri ike dị ka igwe anaghị agba nchara, mana ọ gaghị emepụta arịa.)
9. Polyamide (PA Polyamide) nke a na-akpọkarị naịlọn, (Nylon)
Atụmatụ: Ọ nwere mgbanwe mgbanwe, nkwụsị na-agbagọ, ịdị elu siri ike na ọ dịghị mfe ịgbaji, mgbochi mbadamba kemịkalụ na mgbochi abrasion.A naghị ahapụ ihe ọ bụla na-emerụ ahụ ma ya mere ọ dịghị eme ka akpụkpọ anụ ma ọ bụ nsị anụ ahụ.
Na-eji: Hoses, Njikọ, nkwụnye, Pistons.
10. Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU)
Atụmatụ: Ọ nwere nghọta dị mma, ike dị elu na arụ ọrụ akwa, nguzogide kemịkalụ na mgbochi abrasion;nnukwu ike siri ike, elu dị larịị, mgbochi fungal na microorganism, na oke mmiri na-eguzogide.
A na-eji: catheters ahụike, ihe mkpuchi oxygen, obi arụrụ arụ, akụrụngwa ntọhapụ ọgwụ, njikọ IV, obere akpa rọba maka ihe nleba anya ọbara mgbali, akwa ọnya maka nchịkwa ahụ.
Oge nzipu: Dec-09-2023